Question on 18 USC 922(o) machine gun law

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matterhorn762

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The 1986 "ban" on machine gun manufacturing was added to the "Firearms Owners' Protection Act of 1986" seconds before the bill was voted on, following nearly 7 years of debate. It was added so late to the bill, with no written record of approval, that there wasn't even any time to debate it.

At no point prior to this did the bill have anything to do with automatic weapons. In fact, the bill itself is extremely thorough and extensive in detail, yet its most consequential part is only 4 lines and very incomplete.

I'm not a lawyer, but after some detailed analysis and common sense, it seems quite obvious that the status quo interpretation makes very little sense. The actual law says:

(o) (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), it shall be unlawful for any person to transfer or possess a machinegun.

(2) This subsection does not apply with respect to:

(A) a transfer to or by, or possession by or under the authority of, the United States or any department or agency thereof or a State, or a department,agency, or political subdivision thereof;or

(B) any lawful transfer or lawful possession of a machinegun that was lawfully possessed before the date this subsection takes effect.


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The key words, which I put in bold, when read in plain English says that any agency or "political subdivision" can authorize an automatic weapon. This to me would include the ATF (in pursuant of the 1934 NFA), as well as your DMV (or any federal or state agency for that matter), and your local city council (a political subdivision).

The ATF however decided to interpret this law as saying that all new machine guns are illegal, even though the bill clearly cites that although it says an exception is made for MG's authorized by a federal agency (i.e. ATF). I find it very unlikely this bill was meant to really illegalize machine guns in replacement of the 1934 NFA, since the latter has a 10 prison term, and the former has only a 5 year prison term. It would therefore mean that Congress decided to both ban all machine guns, and also lower the penalty for it from 10 years to 5 years. It also makes no sense why they would write that phrase I put in bold above. The ATF has confusingly decided to interpret it as an exception which applies only for people working in the official duty of those agencies, but clearly that is NOT what it actually says, and frankly, I don't see how you can make that stretch. When laws are passed with the exception of use by federal agencies and/or LE, it clearly says that, not "possession under the authority of..."

The problem with the law was immediate. Because it was introduced in the last second, and tacked on to a massive law which was accumilating for 7 years, interpretation of the law went into effect almost immediately. I can't think of another time in modern history that federal law has to be "interpreted" as to what the hell its intent is, when so night and day of an interpretation can be made.

Can anybody give me some insight into all this?
 
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The 1986 "ban" on machine gun manufacturing was added to the "Firearms Owners' Protection Act of 1986" seconds before the bill was voted on, following nearly 7 years of debate. It was added so late to the bill, with no written record of approval, that there wasn't even any time to debate it.
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Yeah, don't expect me to spend time on, or give any credibility to, any document that generically refers to people investigated by the ATF as "victims."

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Welcome to The High Road where senior members ridicule without any cognitive thought. Put your little tinfoil emoticon away DMF and do a simple search before you post without substance. Try Google, "Hughes amendment last minute 1986 FOPA"

Sorry this forum wasn't more help to you matterhorn762, usually the members are much better about posting useful, respectful, and on-topic information.

FARMER v. HIGGINS
Cite as 907 F.2d 1041 (11th Cir. 1990)

http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/user/wbardwel/public/nfalist/farmer_v_higgins.txt

The legislative history of section 922(o) also supports
our conclusion that Congress intended to prohibit the private
possession of machine guns not lawfully possessed prior to May
19, 1986. On April 10, 1986, Congressman Hughes introduced
section 922(o) as a last minute amendment in the House of
Representatives. See 132 Cong. Rec. H1750-53 (April 10,
1986). When Congressman Hughes introduced the amendment, he
requested "an opportunity to explain why machineguns should be
banned," observing that "I do not know why anyone would object
to the banning of machineguns." 132 Cong.Rec. H1750 (April
10, 1986) (statement of Rep. Hughes).

That is a U.S. Court ruling that confirms it was an amendment, in the House, that was added at the last minute. There are references galore in there.

Here is another one with fairly good citations that discusses the Hughes Amandment.

http://www.constitution.org/2ll/2ndschol/46hard.pdf

One of the most interesting things in there is this gem (off-topic)
At one 1933 hearing, for instance, a Senate subcommittee heard, with no recorded skepticism, calls for a ban on felons riding in automobiles, universal fingerprinting of all citizens, mandatory "papers" for interstate travel, and enactment of national vagrancy laws authorizing warrantless search and arrest of anyone "reputed" to "habitually violate" the laws (with law enforcement officials to testify as to the arrestee's reputation).

Hearings Pursuant to S. Res. 74 before a Subcomm. of the Sen. Commerce
Comm., 73d Cong., 2d Sess., vol. I pt. 3 at 283, 307-8, 316 (1933). One

Here is another one with congressional references to back it up. I'll leave it to you to go read through them in detail since they are "approved sources" for your consumption.

The Senate approved the machinegun ban language of the House bill
without a roll call vote, though their original bill did not include
the ban amendment added in the House and sponsored by U.S. Rep. William
J. Hughes (D - N.J.). (The parliamentary shenanigans surrounding this
are quite strange, and are found in Congressional Record v.132 p.H1751
and p.S5358.) Essentially, at what was literally the last minute, the
acting chairman of the Committee of the Whole in the then-Democrat-run
House, New York congressman Charles Rangell, declared in a simple voice
vote that Rep. Hughes' "poison pill" amendment had been adopted, and
that the "ayes" had it. This ban has later been found unconstitutional
in the case of_U.S. v. Rock Island Armory_(Federal Supplement, v.773
p.117) but the decision was not appealed to the Supreme Court.
 
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