Pressure is measured in pounds per square inch or copper units of pressure, which is not quite the same thing, but is the same idea.
But when dealing with a rifle, the pressure on the bolt face is not the overall pounds of pressure but the pounds times the number of square inches of the rear interior of the cartridge. IMHO, a conversion to 7.62x39 would be well within the capabilities of the Carcano action, but the conversion would cost far more than the rifle is worth. I don't know how well the 7.62x39 will work through the Carcano clip, as it is quite loose, and the bolt face and extractor would have to be altered. With the needed alterations, plus the cost of the barrel and the gunsmith work, you would end up with the most expensive Carcano around, and a mediocre rifle at best.
(FWIW, some Carcanos were rebarrelled by the Germans to use full power 7.9 military ammo, not reduced loads, as last ditch rifles; they held up OK, but it was like a proof load every shot.)
Jim