NO. You need to replace the barrel.
Liners are used with low pressure rounds like .22 LR, .25-20, .38-40 and the like, and the liner has to be thick enough to contain the pressure by itself.
The liner is inserted into the reamed out barrel and held by either epoxy or soft solder. But the support is never perfect, which means there are areas of the liner unsupported by the original barrel or supported only by the glue or solder. If the pressure is high, the liner is forced into those pockets and the bore diameter will be different from one spot to another.
In some cases, like old large caliber musket barrels, the barrel can be reamed to a hollow shell and a thick liner inserted for a smaller caliber, but there would not be enough thickness in a Springfield barrel to allow a liner strong enough to support .30-'06 to be inserted.
So the answer is no for that kind of situation.
Jim