If the OALs pass the barrel "plunk test", shorter cases will allow the case rim to drop more towards the chamber. And if case is like 9mm that "headspace" off case mouth, shorter cases will move case mouth/neck further away from chamber (Especially when fired) until held back and "headspace" off the extractor when chambered (Essentially dangling freely in the chamber).
With really short cases, you will experience more gas leakage as longer cases that headspace off the case mouth will readily expand case mouth/neck to seal with the chamber to leak less gas. And more leakage translates to lower/inconsistent chamber pressures ... Which could result in more muzzle velocity variance and coupled with bullet drop (If shooting longer distances), vertically elongate bullet holes to produce larger groups.
Of course all these could be overshadowed by shooting variable of shooter input on trigger/grip to move muzzle/POI away from POA.
RCBS makes the X-Die, which supposedly eliminates the need to trim to length. The instructions have you trim your brass to .020" short of nominal length to allow the die to work its magic. Short trimming is not really that big of a deal, apparently..
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