I've been shooting steel in the back yard range for way over twenty years.
This is just normal steel plate, not especially hard.
I only shoot it with 22LR or pistol ammo with a velocity between 700-1,000 FPS. A slower bullet will not completely fragment to small pieces and powder. Pieces as large as half the bullet will fly back if the bullet velocity is much under 600 FPS.
A faster bullet will crater the steel.
During timed point shooting drills, which I do a lot, I shoot the plate from a distance of 5-7 yards, using only a 38 Special or 22.
Mostly I shoot the steel from ten yards or further with the 9mm and 45ACP.
Even as far as 52 yards (a personal favorite small handgun distance).......
.......normal velocity 22LR, .380, 38, 9mm and 45ACP bullets will totally fragment but may leave a small piece of the back of the bullet (I call "Dimes") laying on the ground just in front of the steel target.
Would I guarantee that you will never get a scratch from a bullet fragment flying back from steel (or any other backstop)? NO
But stay within certain limits when shooting steel and you will probably be OK.