OK here is the beakown.
308. Plenty for any deer, overkill for enything less, ammo is everywhere and cheap. While not "zippy" it has an acceptable trajectory.
270 win. Flat, fast, hits hard. Will drop anything this side of a trophy elk with proper bullet selection, like the 308 is an overkill for smaller game and has a recoil/report to match it's power.
22-250. Darn near perfect varmint round, but like all .22 cal is best avoided for deer and larger, not enough mass/momentum/caliber/SD/BC to be recomended + not legal in most states for deer.
243. A good choice for sure, low recoil and has enough umph to cleanly kill any deer with proper bullet and aim. Good trajectory but avoid marginal shots at all costs due to lower than avarage penatration.
6.5X55. My personal all time fav, virtualy no recoil, acceptable trajectory, legendery accuracy, best retained energy of all small calibers, plenty of mass/momentum/caliber for clean kill on any deer/elk. High SD standard weight bullets (140gr) have gone through and through 100% for me. Tied with 30-06 for the most versitle caliber around.
25-05 My second choice. Super zippy trajectory, modest recoil, flat shooting enough to be a varmint round, and hits hard enough for any deer. like the 6.5x55 handloads are noticably faster then factory fodder, and they both have very loyal fans. Word of caution the quarter bore has a loud bang in shorter barrels.