Steve's quite properly given you the modern version about how it's done today. Now, from the dim pages of yesteryear: The WW I era (and maybe earlier) two-stage military trigger had take-up slack, and then the actual resistance or "trigger pull" in some number of pounds of force required. The take-up slack was the first stage and was regarded as somewhat of a safety feature.
Hunting rifles of the 1920s and 1930s commonly didn't have this "slack" feature.
Thus, there was little comment in the gun media about a single-stage trigger, but articles about surplus military rifles for a sporterizing project usually had some comment about "I just stoned the sear, but left the military two-stage setup in place."
FWIW, Art