Any .44 Magnum will also chamber and fire the previous S&W cartridge of the same diameter - the .44 Special. Of course, anything chambering that cartridge would also take the original 1871 version, the .44 Russian. I'd opt for a smokeless propellant .44 Russian rather than the original blackpowder - that is tough to clean!
The problem with any of the shorter cased rounds firing in a long chamber is the crud/lead residue that will accumulate between the shorter case's mouth and the chamber's step. This can cause two problems - difficulty in fully chambering a longer cased round, an inconvenience, and, a possibly destructive cylinder failure due to a chamber pressure spike as a case's mouth is prevented from opening (uncrimping) by the crud buildup. The problem really becomes pronounced in a high pressure round, such as the .454 Casull. This can be alleviated, if shorter cases are frequently used, by simply brushing with a properly sized chamber brush, solvent, and allowing some time for the latter to work. Another approach, which I adapted to my .454 SRH use, is to down load larger cases - for my example, I made some very wimpy, normal .45 Colt-ish, .454 Casull loads.
Be safe - and... Have a Merry Christmas!
Stainz