Unfortunately, we can't always choose what range we engage a target at.
The first deer I shot with my .300RUM is a good example.
I was hunting a fire-break/property line the evening after I had bushhogged it. I'd seen several deer standing in the break watching me while I was working. I returned about a half hour before dusk to wait for the deer. I was on a hill top watching a heavily used crossing approx.225yds from my promotory position. As luck would have it, a large doe stepped out, 27paces in front of me.
It did prove that the 180gr Corlokt at 3,250fps (105gr of WC860, Fed215primer, Rem. case) was indeed a worthy bullet for the .300RUM. The wound cavity was suprisingly narrow, and the exit out the transected deer indicated that the expansion was sufficiently controlled. About what you'd expect from a Swift A-frame. Not bad for a bullet that at the time cost me the same for 500, as 100 of the A-frames.
For my "all around" deer bullet and antelope as far as you might be tempted to shoot at one, the Hornady 100gr Spt is it. I bought a large quantity of the MidwayUSA "Blems" and they are excellent.
As I stated, the Interlok feature of the Hornady's work as advertised. If the 100gr seems a little light, try the 117gr. It works, too.
So far, my longest shot with the .257has been at 168yds. On an airport, where I "could" have shot as far as 1,000yds or beyond.
Go figure!
If penetration means nothing, but a reasonably assure Bang-flop is, then consider the 115gr Berger VLD-Hunting. Nothing has a higher B.C. in .25caliber, and they are truly devastating for lung shots. My rifle dosen't particularily shoot well with them, but my Ruger M77 .257Roberts thinks they're "candy". It shoots well under MOA and 45.0gr of IMR3031 delivers them at 3,000fps m/v. I see no reason the shoot them from the .257wby personally, as the Vanguard much prefers the 120gr Speers.