What to know about bolts

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What do I need to look for or know about the "bolt" of a bolt action rifle?

One piece machined vs. not, tight fit vs. sloppy? Mauser extraction vs. others?

I am currently shopping for a rifle in the $400 - $650 range. What do I need to look for and expect concerning the bolt/action?

Thanks,
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All you will need to know in that price range is Weatherby Vanguard, Howa 1500, Savage, Remington 700, Tikka, CZ etc. All have strong well built bolts. But the desgns do differ.
 
The design of the bolt can change some things about a rifle, but mostly they don't matter a lot. One of the bigger differences is between push feed vs controlled feed. A controlled feed keeps better control of the round as it is loaded, but unless you are going to be shooting with the rifle upside down, you will probably never experience a difference. The design of the bolt will also influence the direction and distance that the ejected brass is thrown.
 
Still thinking: I guess the usual is for bolts to rotate thru 90 degrees, but some only require 60 degrees. The small angle is desirable in some cases so the bolt does not interfere with the scope.
 
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Some prefer cock on closing (Enfield, some Mausers), some prefer cock on opening (other Mausers, Carcano, Arisaka, most modern hunting rifles). Try each until you are used to them. Then there is straight pull, found on Steyrs and some modern hunting rifles.
 
NOV.,

Unless you're going to hunt dangerous game, the Mauser style one peice bolt with its non-rotating claw extractor and controlled round feed, is really not needed. It was designed for battle and the thought behind the controlled round feed was to keep battle rattled troops from short stroking and tying up their rifle.

Don't get me wrong here I'm a very avid Mauser fan, in my opinion there is no finer action. But you can spend a lot more on that type rifle for no actual advantage, over modern Remington, Savage actions.

Unless you're planning hunting something that bites back, the precision fit of lapped bolt raceways and lugs and short lift(fast second shot)are of little use other than knowing you have the best of the best.

I like a bolt that I can operate without banging the scope around, most now days are designed with enough clearance, where on older sporterized military actions bending or reshaping the bolt handle was neccessary. The bolt lift 90 degrees vs 60 degrees just give a faster second shot.

You should be able to cycle the bolt fast with out the lugs binding in the raceways.
If you have made a caliber choice, I woul get at least two dummy cartridges from Azoom or another maker and take with me to the place where you are going to buy your rifle ,cycle them through the action, also make sure if you're going to use a scope that it has a scope mounted ,that way you can tell if you like the way the bolt lifts in the presence of the scope.
 
I love my remington 700's but I also really like the short bolt on my Browning A-bolts. Love the Mauser but for some reason never warmed to the Ruger M77 or the post 64 M70 Winchesters. Never had a bolt problem with any of them.
 
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