I think that for range work the 1970s period when
hearing protection became required at public & private ranges. I have no idea regarding when eye protection became a thing.
Dad introduced me to firearms on Mom's ancestral family farm (where I have lived for the last ~30 years). No hearing or eye protection, although he taught me to always use
eye protection when using tools.
Early-on I learned about (taught myself) about the danger of what I thought of as Reflectors ... surfaces or land shapes (e.g., standing between two close hills to shoot) that would reflect the sound of the shot. I also learned that the reflection effect was exacerbated by COLD air.
Many times you just had to live with the noise ... I recall a time sitting on the ground with my back against a tree in the COLD in a forest at daybreak listening carefully as my cousin tried to call-in that turkey that we could hear in the near distance.
Probably because of my access to that family farm, where ever I have lived, I have found people with land on which I was allowed to shoot. I have never been a "range" guy.
When I was in VaB during the latter half of the 70s, for one birthday my friends at work bought me a years membership at a new indoor pistol range that had just opened in Norfolk. We went there, altogether, on at least one occasion and I taught several of them about handling & shooting a few different types of handguns. That was probably around 1978 and
hearing protection was both provided and required.
These days when I walk one of the farms (never without, at
least, a pistol) I will have both eye & hearing protection with me. Depending upon the environment, the Reflectors and the type of firearm & cartridge, I will often take an offhand shot without pausing to don ear protection. On walkabout I am almost always wearing eye protection.
When walking woods in winter I will often wear my Peltors because they not only protect my hearing, they
enhance my hearing ...
and they keep my ears warm.
I do have a slight bit of tinnitus from a non-firearm OOPS a few years ago. Aside from that, all of those decades shooting sans hearing protection have not noticeably degraded my hearing. I consider myself to have been VERY lucky on that score.