Only if you're looking at energy, which is kind of meaningless without considering bullet construction, penetration potential of that bullet, permanent wound channel diameter, etc. Energy can fool ya.
Some pistol bullets that hold up fine out of a handgun start to come apart at carbine velocities. So choose your bullet wisely.
The Carbine will likely be easier to aim at distance and if shooting 357 you obviously extend your effective range. But a 44 magnum is still going to punch a bigger hole and may penetrate deeper than a 357 even if the 357 is fired from a carbine.
It's just a matter of what you're trying to accomplish.