In NC, once you have a CWP, as the state calls it, it serves as your background check and permit to purchase. You still have to fill out the ATF Form 4473, but there is no waiting period and you take the gun with you at purchase. NC's CWP also goes 5 years between renewals, and you're only fingerprinted at the initial issue, unless you let the permit expire before renewing. Then it's the whole application process all over.
When I taught the course for a CWP, it required a minimum of 8 hours of instruction on the legal aspects of concealed carry; this included the NC laws pertinent to carrying a concealed handgun, where you could and could not carry, and the violations from improper behavior when carrying, such as alcohol consumption,(zero tolerance), brandishing, etc. The remainder of the class dealt with firearm safety and operation, plus a qualification course at 7 and 15 yards; I forget the score you had to turn in, but if you could hit body mass with 80% of your shots, more or less, you passed. I taught the course of instruction over two days: one for legal, one for gun safety and qualification. I filled out the certificates of completion, which were numbered forms provided to me from the state, which the applicant took to the sheriff's dept along with their application, to get their permit. When I was teaching, it took about 4-6 weeks for the paperwork to get processed and then the applicant was notified to pick up the permit. It got a lot longer after 2019, due to the pandemic. I had quit instructing the course by then, but it was almost 3 months to get my own permit renewed back in 2021. I was told, however, that once I had applied for renewal, I could continue to carry if my current permit expired before I received my renewal. That was a change from when I was instructing, and on all my prior renewals. I've renewed by CWP 4 times since I got it.
As an aside, while I was teaching the course, there were several instructors in the state who had filled out the forms for people, without putting them through the course. When the state found out about it, they not only had their instructor's permit revoked, they were prosecuted for falsifying the forms, which are official state documents. The fee for teaching the course was up to the individual instructor, no state mandated amount. I wasn't trying to make a living from it, I only charged $50 per individual. The instructors had a fair amount of latitude regarding whether the student passed or failed the safety portion of the course, based on how they performed when handling handguns during classroom time. I used a "two strike" rule; if, during any portion of classroom work when handling a handgun, they muzzle flashed another student, their class was over and they were excused, no refund.