Yes, chrome lined barrels have a lot of advantages over plain chrome moly barrels. However, accuracy generally isn't one of them... though Criterion Barrels, who is probably the top name in chrome lined barrels, claim that their chroming process is done in such a manner that they are no less accurate than a good chrome moly barrel.
As others have said, the benefits of chrome lining are longer barrel life, ease of cleaning, corrosion resistance, and more reliable feeding and extraction, especially in a hot and/or dirty barrel.
However, the debate between chrome lined versus chrome moly is not nearly so interesting to me as the debate between chrome lined versus nitrided barrels. I have heard a lot of claims about nitrided barrels, saying that they are as good or better than chrome lined barrels in all respects. I have never seen any testing or documentation to prove this, but it definitely has caused nitrided barrels to catch my attention. I guess the best way to prove it to myself would be to buy a barrel with each, give them each a heavy round count, and compare reliability, accuracy, and barrel wear. Though I have a feeling that the benefits of each probably depend more on the quality of manufacture than on the actual material used.