.223 Backed out primers

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The Factory ammo mic'ed at a perfect Zero before firing, but after firing measured about -0.001 to -0.002. Is this odd? Shoulders moving slightly backwards...?
No, not odd at all. In post #13 i said >
Sometimes on firing, the brass will spring out in the body area right behind the shoulder and not forward. This pulls the shoulder back/shorter cartridge headspace. This will give you a false reading using your tool.
In other words, the brass has not yet expanded to the TRUE SIZE of your chamber.
 
You've already noted that the generated pressure is not enough to stretch the overly-resized case head back to the bolt face to reseat the primer. It does have enough pressure, however to swell the case to the chamber walls. This swell-but-not-stretch situation causes the case to actually shorten lengthwise by a bit to maintain constant volume. Perfectly natural (and you're seeing the evidence youself).

As far as pressure goes, Quickload calulates a 75gr Hndy HPBT over 22gr of Varget in a "standard" 28.8cc case volume at 2.25" OAL will generate 46,500psi -- more that enough to strech the case -- at 70 degreeF. Even though Varget is supposed to be a temperature-stable powder, I suspect Zero-degree F weather is driving what you're seeing. (QuickLoad can also calculate a gross temperature effect that could be as much as 5,000psi less for that zero-degree temp). BTW: This is one reason not to develop loads in the Winter to shoot in the summer

If you are not already doing it, try a magnum primer under 23.0gr VARGETbefore you start up'ing the powder charge significantly over that, and see if you get a different result. Either that, or try again with an equal weight of IMR4895.

Finally, to translate CUP to PSI, see here: http://www.shootingsoftware.com/ftp/psicuparticle2.pdf

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post script: I'd not poo-poo Hornady's Max Load info (of 23.5gr VARGET). Quickload tells me that can generate a bit over 57,000 psi is a 55k-rated cartridge -- one not noted as being too kind to primer pockets to begin with. Run that load on a hot 105-degree day and you're looking at ~61,000 psi. Naturally, chamber size can lower that a bit, but only a chronograph will tell you where you sit on that curve.
 
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