"High efficiency" cartridges, perhaps?
.300 WinMag does offer about 7% more velocity than .30-06, but in return for 20% more powder.
"Sane distance" cartridges?
The same .300 WinMag's performance edge isn't exactly necessary on most game until you get out to what, maybe 400 yards?
Also, there's the proportion of case volume to bullet diameter and weight. I'd say the .30-06 case makes the .25-06 a "magnum" class cartridge, but the .338 and larger rounds can really use the extra volume of a magnum case (although the .338 A-Square turns in some surprisingly good numbers). The .270 and .30-06 seem to be very well matched to the standard .30-06 case.
So a .30-06 isn't a magnum, but neck it down a bit and it's almost a magnum, and neck it down a bit more and it is a magnum?
Well, yes. A .30-06 case holds a lot of powder for a 90 grain .25 caliber bullet. It's hard to argue that a 3400 fps centerfire round isn't a "magnum" of some sort.
A .17HMR case holds a lot of powder for a tiny .17 caliber bullet, too. It's really that ratio that counts, not whether the case has a belt on it. Of course a .257 Weatherby is even faster. "Weatherby" in the cartridge name has a whole other set of implications...