What brand is your rifle? Depending on your barrel length, and I'd assume it'd be at least 22" in your bolt action, you should be able to get at least 2200 fps. An older Hornady manual I have lists their 170 gr. bullet at up to 2300 fps out of a 20" barrel. My Lyman 47th Ed. manual shows one 170 gr. load @ a tad under 2300 and another at almost 2350. They did use a 26" barrel, so you might have to subtract 30-40 fps.
Another thing to consider is your brass. Though you may be using a bolt rifle designed to withstand more pressure than a factory 30-30 round generates, the brass likely wouldn't take repeated loadings using high pressure loads. An easy fix for this is to use 375 Win. brass reformed into 30-30.
For target work, 200 yards should be a cinch, and longer ranges wouldn't be a problem if you were using a scope. Many of your questions can be answered by consulting reloading manuals with good ballsitics charts (Hornady & Sierra both have good charts.). Just compare the velocities to the cartridges in question.
If you really want to target shoot at longer ranges, you might want to think about a 308 or 30-06. These are very common calibers and rifles chambered in them are everywhere. No sense straining your 30-30 when you could just get a larger cased .30 caliber. Also, the Schmidt-Rubin rifles (specifically the K-31)are .30 caliber on par with the .308 Win., easily capable of long range target shooting, incredibly accurate, and best of all, can still be had for $200 +/-.
35W
