Howdy
First off, let's get the name right. It is 32 S&W. Period. 32 S&W Short does not exist, despite what you may hear, and despite what Wikipedia says.
Second, I don't know what makes you think centerfire cartridges are more reliable than rimfire cartridges. Modern 22 Rimfire cartridges are pretty doggone reliable.
Here are a couple of Smith and Wesson 32 Safety Hammerless revolvers. Both are chambered for 32 S&W. Notice I have lain a cartridge on the frame of each of them to illustrated how the cylinders are just long enough for the cartridges. The rounds over on the left are 32 S&W Long. The nickel plated one with the 3 1/2" barrel left the factory around 1905. The blued one with the 2" barrel left the factory in 1909.
The short barreled revolver is what is known as a Bicycle Revolver. Bicycle riding was a nationwide craze at the turn of the Century (1900). Mostly a sport for city dwellers, these little revolvers were easily concealed, and could be used to ward off bipedal or quadrupedal ruffians to protect Daisy on her bicycle built for two.
I am a righty, but I put the little Bicycle Revolver in my left hand so I could operate the camera with my right hand.
The 32 S&W cartridge was not deemed an effective man stopper.
32 S&W Long was used by many police departments until most standardized on 38 Special. In 1896, Theodore Roosevelt was the Police Commissioner in New York City and he ordered 4,500 32 Colt New Police revolvers for the NYC Police department. The 32 Colt New Police cartridge was essentially the same as the 32 S&W Long, the only difference being a slightly different bullet shape.