The 158 gr Gold Dot is an excellent cartridge, but the construction of the 158 gr. Gold Dot is tougher than lighter weight Gold Dots because it's designed more for hunting. It's designed to not expand too readily, but to penetrate deeply in game. It's a very good choice for game with tougher hide than we humans have because it won't open up too readily. This would make it a good choice if your adversary is wearing many layers of heavy clothing, as might be expected during a very cold winter.
But when your adversary is human and most likely wearing light clothing, the 158 gr. Gold Dot is likely to underexpand and over penetrate. In this scenario, the 145 gr. Silvertip is more likely to expand well and provide deep penetration.
The 125 gr. Gold Dot and other 125 gr. JHP's would be expected to expand even more and penetrate less. Ditto in spades for the very light 110 gr. JHP's. The lighter .357 loads are also harder on the forcing cone of your guns.
Penetration is more important than expansion. But ideally you will have good expansion and deep penetration. But there are many other variables which you cannot control or forsee. Like having to penetrate limbs before your bullet reaches the vitals. Or having to penetrate heavy or leather clothing. This is where the mid to heavier weight bullets have great advantage and the fast lightweight bullets can fail miserably.
For these reasons, I think the mid-weight 145 gr. Silvertip is the ideal defense load.
This isn't to say that the 158 gr. Gold Dot is a poor choice... it would be my close second choice after the 145 gr. And of course, I'd not like to be on the receiving end of any of these .357 loads!