.45-70 was first. Later they started extending the cartridge to pack in more power. I think they were at -110 or -120 before they went to the .50-70 for a while. Remember that on these cartridges, the second number is the grains of blackpowder loaded.
13-14 pounds is light compared to most .50 BMGs. I suppose I'd have to clarify saying compared to the expected recoil. I'd be going for one of those heavier barrels, but the question would be, with modern loads, how bad would it kick?
My main thought with this caliber was to allow the bigger bullet selections. Lyman's 48th shows 292 to 405gr for the lever guns, and 300 to 535gr for modern bolt action conversions(the book didn't mention any rolling or falling block actions there, I'll have to look that up elsewhere. Thought there were some modern production Sharps types that could do smokeless). Funny thing, others, like the 458 Weatherby Magnum didn't mention bullets heavier than 500 grains.
Put a good FMJ boattail spitzer point on top of a load of smokeless powder, and are you going to get out of a .45-70(or -100 or whatever)? If nobody's messed with it, I'll certainly be finding out eventually(when I have the money to buy the rifle, and the time to load for it). More interesting to me, what happens if I put a .270 bullet in a sabot in there? Some of the little reading I've done on sabots(hard thing to find info on) says that they aren't real good for long range accuracy, but for getting a very fast bullet, it might be interesting to look at.