No real advantage at all. Some will say slight theoretical advantage in accuracy, but that is more a function of the individual doing the shooting and the individual weapon. Some will say a slight (very slight) theoretical advantage in reliability, but he bottle-neck design has its own particularly reliability issues (e.g., to "nose-dive")--if anything the tapered designed of the 9x19 is probably more reliable than both (theoretically--again, largely and individual weapon issue). Despite the the internet hype, .40 S&W and 357 SIG (as well as the 9x19) all offer similar intermediate barrer penetration based on actal tests (not tales). As for steel targets, there's a lot a difference in mass between 5 pound steel plate and 250 male--the difference is not so nearly pronounced (and a whole host of other factors are involved. Another important factor (actually to the .40 S&W's advantage) is .40 S&W is usually far more readily available and considerably less expensive than 357 SIG So, bottomline, the 357 SIG offers no actual, concrete advantages over the .40 S&W (but the .40 S&W might offer one or two over the 357 SIG in terms of ammunition availability and price).