ATF bump stock lawsuits

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Repost from 4/28/23 - https://www.thehighroad.org/index.php?threads/17-states-join-goa-gof-and-sue-atf’s-new-firearms-rule-on-80-percent-kits.908730/page-2#post-12614023


In January of 2023, 5th Circuit ruled against ATF on Cargill v Garland bump stocks case where ATF violated APA requirements - https://www.nraila.org/articles/202...hat-congress-not-atf-declares-what-the-law-is

"... The APA specifically sets forth standards by which courts must review agency actions—arbitrary and capricious, abuse of discretion, in excess of statutory authority, and so on ... The Final Rule promulgated by the ATF violates the APA. We therefore REVERSE the judgment of the district court and REMAND with instructions to enter judgment for Cargill." - https://nclalegal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/5th-Cir-en-banc-opinion.pdf


Now 6th Circuit ruled in Hardin v ATF (ATF bump stock ban) that ATF went beyond its legal authority when it banned bump stocks by classifying them as "machine gun" parts in 2017 - https://www.reuters.com/legal/gover...es-against-us-ban-gun-bump-stocks-2023-04-25/
  • 6th Circuit Judge Ronald Lee Gilman ... 1934 law must be interpreted according to the "rule of lenity," which requires ambiguity in a criminal statute to be resolved in criminal defendants' favor.
  • "Because the relevant statutory scheme does not clearly and unambiguously prohibit bump stocks, we are bound to construe the statute in Hardin's favor,"
  • Judge David McKeague joined in the opinion and judge John Bush concurred ... federal law was not ambiguous and clearly did not cover bump stocks.
 
Update to Hardin v ATF (ATF bump stock ban)

Ex FPC attorney discuss ATF filing petition to Supreme Court for review with new session starting in September
  • 5th Circuit in January ruled against ATF in Cargill v Garland bump stock case that ATF violated APA requirements
  • 6th Circuit in April ruled against ATF in Hardin v ATF bump stock case that ATF went beyond legal authority
  • Instead of seeking En Banc review with the 6th Circuit, ATF chose to go straight to the Supreme Court
  • This will be another test of Chevron deference vs "rule of lenity" of executive agency
  • ATF is arguing bump stock is a "machinegun" because it fires more than one round with a single pull of the trigger
  • Supreme Court may end up reviewing Cargill case as well
 
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  • Instead of seeking En Banc review with the 6th Circuit, ATF chose to go straight to the Supreme Court
  • Supreme Court may end up reviewing Cargill case as well

Ex FPC attorney discuss bump stock cases up for Supreme Court review:
  • Supreme Court has distributed all three cases for conference on October 27
  • By the end of the month, Supreme Court will decide to grant or deny review of all three cases (Or conference rescheduled for another date)
  • Supreme Court could grant review of all three cases or decide to review only one case and if that's the case, Cargill case may likely be the case to be reviewed
 
Update to Cargill v Garland (ATF bump stock ban) - https://www.thehighroad.org/index.php?threads/atf-bump-stock-lawsuits.921442/#post-12731477
  • Supreme Court has distributed all three cases for conference on October 27
  • By the end of the month, Supreme Court will decide to grant or deny review of all three cases (Or conference rescheduled for another date)
  • Supreme Court could grant review of all three cases or decide to review only one case and if that's the case, Cargill case may likely be the case to be reviewed
US Supreme Court agrees to hear New Civil Liberties Alliance (NCLA) case aginst ATF's unilateral bump-stock ban - https://nclalegal.org/2023/11/u-s-s...case-against-atfs-unilateral-bump-stock-ban/\

For the third time in less than a month, the U.S. Supreme Court has agreed to hear arguments in one of the New Civil Liberties Alliance’s cases. Today, the Court granted the government’s request for a writ of certiorari in NCLA’s challenge to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives’ unilateral bump-stock ban. NCLA supported the Solicitor General’s request in Garland v. Cargill and eagerly accepts this invitation. We will ask the Justices to affirm the en banc ruling of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit that ATF’s regulatory ban conflicts with the federal statute defining “machineguns.”​
ATF issued a Final Rule in 2018 defining semi-automatic firearms with bump stocks as “machineguns,” which federal law prohibits. That rule reversed ATF’s long-standing recognition that bump-stock-equipped firearms are not illegal machine guns. The rule required NCLA’s client, Austin, Texas gun shop owner and Army veteran Michael Cargill—and half a million other Americans—to either destroy or turn in legally purchased bump stocks.​
In January, the en banc U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ruled in Cargill v. Garland that banning bump stocks requires an act of Congress, a major victory for NCLA. That ruling agrees with a subsequent decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit and an earlier one from the Navy-Marine Corps Court of Criminal Appeals, but it conflicts with Tenth Circuit and D.C. Circuit decisions rejecting challenges to ATF’s Final Rule.​
The Constitution provides that only Congress may enact new criminal laws. Congress adopted a statute banning machine guns in 1986 that did not mention bump stocks. ATF is not authorized to issue legislative rules, let alone to draft regulations expanding the reach of criminal laws beyond the scope of what Congress prohibited, thereby turning half a million Americans into felons overnight. NCLA is confident that the U.S. Supreme Court will uphold the Fifth Circuit’s ruling that bump stocks are not machine guns, thus safeguarding Americans’ rights against administrative agency power grabs.​
Garland v. Cargill will be NCLA’s fourth case argued before the U.S. Supreme Court in under 2 years. The Justices unanimously held in April 2023 that NCLA client Michelle Cochran had the right to challenge the constitutionality of her ALJ’s removal protections in federal court before undergoing an administrative adjudication. On October 13, the Court granted cert in NCLA’s Relentless, Inc., et al. v. Department of Commerce challenge to the Chevron doctrine, with oral arguments set for January 2024. A week later, the Justices agreed to hear the government’s challenge to the preliminary injunction in NCLA’s Missouri v. Biden case that would bar various federal government officials from coercing or significantly encouraging social media platforms to censor constitutionally protected speech. NCLA has successfully battled the Administrative State for six years. As these cases show, we will fight all the way to the Supreme Court to protect civil liberties from federal agencies’ attacks.​
NCLA released the following statements:
“NCLA is pleased that the Supreme Court has agreed to hear our challenge to ATF’s unlawful expansion of the statutory definition of a ‘machinegun.’ As we told the Court in urging it to grant review and affirm the appeals court’s decision, ATF for many years recognized that bump-stock-equipped semi-automatic weapons are not ‘machineguns.’ Its sudden reversal can only be explained as a decision to allow political expediency to trump the rule of law.”​
— Richard Samp, Senior Litigation Counsel, NCLA
“This is not a case about gun rights. It is a case about administrative power. Congress never gave ATF the power to rewrite federal criminal statutes pertaining to machine guns—nor could it. Writing federal criminal laws is the sole preserve of Congress, and the Trump and Biden Administrations committed grievous constitutional error by trying to ban bump stocks without involving Congress. We are confident the U.S. Supreme Court will right this wrong for Michael Cargill and all Americans.”​
— Mark Chenoweth, President and General Counsel, NCLA
For more information visit the case page here and watch the case video here.​
Ex FPC attorney discuss status of bump stock cases
 
Update to Cargill v Garland (ATF bump stock ban) - https://www.thehighroad.org/index.php?threads/atf-bump-stock-lawsuits.921442/#post-12750771
US Supreme Court agrees to hear New Civil Liberties Alliance (NCLA) case aginst ATF's unilateral bump-stock ban

Set for argument on Wednesday, 2/28/24 - https://www.scotusblog.com/case-files/cases/garland-v-cargill/

Issue: Whether a bump stock device is a “machinegun” as defined in 26 U.S.C. § 5845(b) because it is designed and intended for use in converting a rifle into a machinegun, i.e., into a weapon that fires “automatically more than one shot ... by a single function of the trigger.”​

Counsel for Cargill requests extension to file brief - https://www.supremecourt.gov/Docket...40110161851316_01-10-24 Extension Request.pdf

... counsel for Respondent Michael Cargill. Pursuant to Rule 30.4, I write to request an unopposed five-day extension of time to file Respondent’s brief on the merits. The brief is currently due on January 17, 2024, and Respondent asks that the deadline be extended to January 22.​
 
Update to Cargill v Garland (ATF bump stock ban) - https://www.thehighroad.org/index.php?threads/atf-bump-stock-lawsuits.921442/#post-12805401

Set for argument on Wednesday, 2/28/24 - https://www.scotusblog.com/case-files/cases/garland-v-cargill/

Issue: Whether a bump stock device is a “machinegun” as defined in 26 U.S.C. § 5845(b) because it is designed and intended for use in converting a rifle into a machinegun, i.e., into a weapon that fires “automatically more than one shot ... by a single function of the trigger.”​
Supreme Court 1.5 hour arguments

Justice Amy Coney Barrett questioned US Principal Deputy Solicitor General Brian Fletcher about designing a bump band and defining a machine gun

Justice Samuel Alito questioned Jonathan Mitchell, the lawyer for Michael Cargill, the owner of Central Texas Gun Works about machine guns and bump stocks

Justice Clarence Thomas questioned US Principal Deputy Solicitor General Brian Fletcher about machine guns and bump stocks
 
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The lame Stream media seems to think SCOTUS may be split on this, and they quote Gorsuch saying machineguns should be banned.
ABC News said:
Justice Neil Gorsuch said he could "certainly understand why these things should be banned" but also wrestled with the implications of the ATF rule change on hundreds of thousands of Americans who had thought they were purchasing them legally.
 
Continuing from post #7 of Cargill v Garland (ATF bump stock ban) - https://www.thehighroad.org/index.php?threads/atf-bump-stock-lawsuits.921442/#post-12845174

Ex FPC attorney discuss oral arguments presented at the Supreme Court today:
  • For years, ATF has released letters and guidance that bump stock was not a machine gun but suddenly changed saying bump stock was machine gun and now subject to federal regulations
  • Big question from today's arguments was whether bump stocks meet the definition of machine gun under NFA and GCA
  • Secondly, if there is ambiguity or dispute on what the term means, then what type of deference should be given to the ATF's interpretation.
  • Should Chevron deference be used or the rule of lenity for court ruling
  • 5th Circuit en banc panel (Entire bench) already ruled 13-3 that ATF overstepped authority in regulating bump stocks as machine gun under GCA because bump stocks did not meet the technical definition of machine gun under GCA and NFA
  • 5th Circuit en banc ruled that since GCA/NFA excluded bump stocks, rule of lenity should apply to favor the people as if Congress/ATF want to include bump stock in the definition of machine gun, then Congress need to change the statute but ATF did not have power to do that on their own.
  • Machine gun is defined as a weapon that fires more than one round automatically with single function of trigger and Supreme Court heard oral arguments today whether bump stocks meet that definition and whether ATF went beyond the statutory language
  • ATF argued that single "function" of trigger was same as single "pull" of trigger and that Congress meant rate of fire
  • Plaintiff's argument was Congress deliberately did not use the term "pull" instead used "function" of trigger in defining what a machine gun is and "function" of trigger deals with mechanical operation
  • Supreme Court is now tasked with first level of analysis of what defines machine gun before moving on to Chevron deference and rule of lenity
  • Justices raised concern why ATF changed their positions back and forth and their action now puts law abiding legal owners of bump stocks as criminals
  • Justices focused on the difference in operation between full auto/machine guns and bump stocks.
  • Justices also was explained to bump stocks do not alter the triggers at all
  • Justice Alito seemed to understand the best difference between full auto/machine gun and bump stock operation as other justices seemed to not fully grasp the differences
  • While justice Barrett seemed to be sympathetic with ATF's argument of rate of fire of bump stock but pointed out if Congress wanted to use "pull" of trigger, why didn't Congress just use "pull" instead of "function"
  • Impression of arguments was uncertain as to how the justices would rule
 
FWIW,

Miculek VS. Bump Stock - I've heard my name has been tossed around in the BUMP STOCK debate. I've never used one and want to see what all the noise is about.

My USPSA local/regional match shooting mentors taught me the "Zen" of shooting (Looking past the front sight and being absolutely certain to see holes appear at POA anywhere on target FAST) and SWAT instructor/range owner/USPSA RSO/defensive shooting instructor taught me eyes open/closed "point shooting" and after 30 years of shooting, I am a student of "cadence shooting" for CONTROLLED FAST SEMI-AUTO shooting (Jump to 5:20 minute of video for demonstration) - https://www.thehighroad.org/index.p...ion-to-my-query-s.907532/page-2#post-12344816
 
Adding to post #11 for Cargill v Garland (ATF bump stock ban) - https://www.thehighroad.org/index.php?threads/atf-bump-stock-lawsuits.921442/#post-12845332

The Hill - Senior ligitation counsel at the New Civil Liberties Alliance Richard Samp weighs in on a new case on bump stocks:
  • Plaintiff Cargill bought bump stock in 2018 when they were legal
  • Case is about the meaning/definition of what is a "machine gun"
  • Comes down to for many years federal government interpreted "machine gun" as not including semi-auto weapons or devices that allowed semi-auto weapons to shoot more rapidly
  • ATF following Las Vegas shooting decided to reinterpret that rule and claimed law had always prohibited bump stocks which is not a plausible interpretation of the statute
  • Lower court (5th Circuit) in 13-3 decision ruled against ATF in exceeding authority delegated by Congress and it was not proper for ATF to retroactively turn 500,000 Americans into felons
  • Bump stocks don't change the mechanics of the gun and turn semi-auto weapon into an automatic weapon, it simply allows semi-auto weapons to shoot more rapidly, it's still one trigger pull for one bullet fired
  • Congress should be making changes to these gun policies
  • Separation of powers prohibits government branch that enforces the law to write the law ... So Justice department/ATF (Executive branch) which enforces the law cannot write the law
  • Criminal laws are written by Congress, not the executive branch
  • While some of the justices expressed sympathy that bump stocks can allow rapid fire of semi-auto weapons to make them "dangerous" (Host pointed out some people demonstrated using belt loop to bump fire); however, issue for the Supreme Court is to determine whether it is appropriate for the executive branch to rewrite the law to ban a previously legal device and likely the ruling will be a split decision.
  • After likely 6-3 or 5-4 ruling against DOJ/ATF, Congress will likely rewrite the law to whether include or not include devices that allow semi-auto weapons to shoot faster under "machine gun"
  • Supreme Court ruling on bump stock may affect pistol brace ruling due to similar retroactive change of rule on adaptive devices that were previously determined legal by ATF and also executive branch changing what is a short barrel rifle.
 
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At last weeks local gunshow 2-3 venders out of 100 or so had bump-stocks for sale.
Are you sure they were bump stocks? I ask because people often confuse braces with bump stocks. I am not saying that you are one of those people, but it seems fairly common because both bump stocks and braces are accessories, which the ATF seems hell-bent on regulating, whether outright (bump stocks) or in the manner in which used/configured (braces).

Bump stocks are treated as machineguns by the ATF and their mere possession is a felony (from ATF’s view) so I would be surprised if 2-3%, let alone any, vendors were selling them at a gun show, especially considering how gun shows are opportunities for the ATF to wrap people up.

Braces themselves have always been legal, although the ATF has been inconsistent with respect in their opinions on whether firearms equipped with braces are SBRs. For example, the ATF opined that braced firearms with barrels under 16” were SBRs, but only if shouldered. This opinion was then changed and the ATF admitted that incidental shouldering would not make the firearm an SBR. Lately, the ATF issued a “rule” alleging that braced firearms may or may not be SBRs, depending on the configuration and features of the firearm in question. All that to say, currently, a nationwide injunction is in effect, which means that the ATF’s latest rule is currently on hold and braced firearms are currently not subject to the draconian ATF rule. However, at no time has a law or the ATF determined that a brace itself is illegal.
 
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