Biblical Basis for RKBA

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St Augustine solved this problem about 1600 yrs ago- so-called "Just War" theory. You may intervene,and you should, when 1. there is imminent danger to the innocent;2. intervention with force is the only effective choice; 3. you use proportionate force, sufficient to stop the attack, but not gratuitous punishment;4. there is a reasonable chance of success; 5.you believe you will do more good than bad, where the lives of aggressors are not counted as worthless, but are due less weight than innocent persons.

Now, no one can run through this very carefully at the time- you need to reflect on it in advance as much as possible. This is a Christian understanding. You may kill someone if it is necessary to protect the innocent, especially the defenceless, children, women and so on.
To do so is NOT a sin, and the Church teaches this.

Admittedly these are the views of a faith tradition- others have other views and I honor those.

EDIT NOTE (Tuesday):

This was copied from another forum without attribution originally. The writer was "chiefs-special-guy"
and I want to publically apologize for the failure on my part to attribute it to him. My apologies, CSG!
 
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I really wish I could remember the reference but there is a verse that says that not having a job and assuming God will reward your laziness by providing food for you and your family anyway is a sin. I assume the same concept could be applied to the physical safety of your family and yourself as well.
 
Originally posted by Rock and Glock
St Augustine solved this problem about 1600 yrs ago

St. Augustine?
Yes, but the Doctor's transcribed works, insofar as they guided everyday Christian life,
soon took a hit (and still do) from Aristotleian and Averroist revivals.
We do have the "Angelic" Dominican to thank (blame?) for many of the bridging
philosophical compromises that everyone manages under, these days.

The just-war/just-defense principle is happily enshrined in many temporal laws,
and we accept it easily though it is NOT scripture. It is derived from reflection
upon scripture, and such holy reflection is badly needed.

Scripture by itself seems suspect: it cannot claim the unbroken lineage
of the Apostolic church-- and the latter has soiled itself repeatedly.
(Redeemed itself repeatedly, as well.)

There is 'Scripture', reworded and translated over the ages, from originals
of less than ideal provenance (save some Apostolic Letters, perhaps).
Reflection upon them, and prayer in hope of Divine enlightenment, is our aid.
It was, for both good Doctors.

It has been, time and again, for us: the Church.

:)
horge
 
One of Many,

That was w/o a doubt the best Biblically-based discussion of the subject that I have ever read. I say Biblically-based because it did not rely on a single verse of Scripture, but rather relied on the whole of Scripture, which is what God intended for any Biblical interpretation method. Many non-Christians (and unfortunately, Christians sometimes too) take a single verse out of the bible and use it as justificaion for their pre-conceived notions.

I think we can say that God values life and hates to see any life taken, even when it is justified as punishment for a criminal or in self-defense. Keeping that in mind, we should endeavour to use the least force possible when defending ourselves and our loved ones. What that means in a practical sense is that if you are ever faced with a potentially life-threatening situation, only you and God know if you acted within those bounds. What may be legally justified may not meet that threshold morally.
 
Actually, in the New King James Version, there in no exclamation point in Luke 22:37. The verse ends in a period. I see no rebuke there, only a simple declarative sentence.

So they said, "Lord, look, here are two swords." And He said to them "It is enough."

The NKJV, also, in Verse 36 says. "Then He said to them, "But now, he who has a money bag, let him take it, and likewise a knapsack, and he who has no sword, let him sell his garment and buy one."

The words "let him take it" in that sentence are clearly a directive at least the way I read them. Jesus knew that the disciples were be in the world but were not to be of the world. To be in the world they would need money, extra clothing, food and yes, weapons to defend themselves with. He is telling them the rules have changed from the first time he sent them out.

In Matthew 10, when Jesus sends the twelve out for the first time, He specifically tells them what NOT to take. They are basically to take nothing but the clothes on their backs. I see no reason to think that they would be expected to understand Him literally there, but not to understand Him literally here in Luke.
 
Actually, in the New King James Version, there in no exclamation point in Luke 22:37. The verse ends in a period. I see no rebuke there, only a simple declarative sentence.

Hi Cajun Bass :)

Okay, the NKJV.
Even as a flat declarative, it remains that Christ's response sounds contradictory
to any literal manda for each Apostle to get a sword. The response is
even inconsistent with a general advocacy of post-Fellowship KBA, because a
mere two swords can't be enough for THAT, when the Apostles must break up,
go forth on their own and preach (and there is every indication they went about
this business as they had when Christ was with them: without money or most other
possessions.)

Anyway, back to "It is enough". It looks to contradict a supposed order for each Apostle to
pack a sword. Given such a contradiction, it would not seem that Christ actually issued a manda,
unless one presumes:

a. Christ issued a manda, then changed His mind and contradicted Himself
b. Christ issued a manda carelessly, then stumbled into contradicting Himself

Not likely!
However, His response is consistent with a point being made obliquely, like many other points
he made obliquely, via parables.

The NKJV, right?
I can go back to the Septuagint and even earlier, and see just how much has been censored
and mistranslated. A lot of folks think the Nicene expurgations were substantive enough, but
honest error and gradual sugarcoating over the centuries did much more.

It will only confuse matters further, unfortunately, but let's look at it, then:
οι δε ειπον κυριε ιδου μαχαιραι ωδε δυο ο δε ειπεν αυτοις ικανον εστιν

"ικανον εστιν" is simply rendered "It/This is enough"
If Christ had referred to those TWO swords thereby, the form should've been
"ικανα εστιν for the plural "They are enough".
He was referring to a singular something

If he wasn't referring to the two swords, then my posit of a contradiction disintegrates.
There are now at least two possibilities:

Jesus is saying "Enough. You've understood.", or
Jesus is saying "Enough. You will understand soon enough, anyway.""

I hope you appreciate my willingness to providing material supporting both your position(s) and mine.

I do so because I am not here to "win" an argument,
but to discuss, towards (hopefully) nearing the Truth.


Anyway and again...
I lean towards the latter interpretation, given the context of the 'arc' of the disciples'
understanding of Christ's mission, and their prior track record of (in)comprehension.

Many times when Jesus spoke in parables, the disciples misunderstood Him,
because they took His words just too literally.
This has significant bearing on us and our discussion.

The disciples had trouble "getting it" even with Christ giving it to them direct.

We in the present have the added burden of receiving Jesus' words through the filter of
centuries of corruptive mistranslation. Even the earliest source document for our
part of Luke is many generations removed from a living memory of the living Christ, or any
personal memory of His actual words.

We can rely on a word-for-word literality of documents reconstructed from
doctored reconstructions, in turn based on patched-together anonymous writings
and best-guesses, or we can look at the whole context of what we have before us
as imperfect, and invite Divine enlightenment (and use our own reflective discernment)
to sort through the mess.

This is the very reason I brought up St. Augustine vs. Aristotle and Averroes.
The good Doctor had a pretty solid point founded in both faith and practicality:
In matters of faith AND living, personal experience and reflection trumps
what scholars/mass-media/translators/apologists hand out and hand down,
because ultimately, every one of us has a hot-line to God Himself.

All that said, I could be totally wrong and all of you could be totally right.
Right or wrong, thank God that He loves us all, this poor sinner included.

Right or wrong, as some of us must be, we all nevertheless KBA as Christians,
and I chose to do so after much study, reflection and prayer.
God bless us all!
:)

h.
 
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Right to defense.

The right to self and national defense is all over the Old Testament. Every few chapters in Exodus there is a battle between the Isrealites and someone else. Sometimes Isreal picks the fight, sometimes the other side does. The common theme, though, is the other nation is a current or viable threat, so the command to go to war is given.

Old Testament again. Elijah has a showdown with prophets of baal. They lose, he kills them all. About a hundred of them. Why? They were a threat to the security and unity of Isreal. National defense

David and Johnathan are hiding in some rocks and there are Philistines all around them. My paraphrase: D.- you with me? J.- Yup. They proceed to step out and kill them. Why? The Philistines were looking for those two, David and Johnathan struck first. Pre-emptive self defense.

Sampson probably killed more Philistines than any other single man. Why? Collective defense of his people. Very unstable time for Isreal, they were oppressed in their own lands. One of the first documented guerrillas!:)

The example from the New Testament in the Garden of Gesthemane is good, but needs context. Jesus did tell his disciples to be prepared to defend themselves on several occasions, the passage of selling your cloak and buying a sword is one of them. It was obviously a personal choice, though, or Jesus would have been obligated to defend himself from the Romans who came to take him.
The other thing to consider is his mission. He'd been telling the 12 for the last couple years, in less and less cryptic terms as time passed, that He'd come to offer Himself as a sacrifice. He chose not to resist, but Peter interceded. This was not wrong on basic terms, but because Peter knew why Jesus had come and was interferring. The Scripture says in Mathew and John:
Mat. 26:52 Then said Jesus unto him, "Put up again thy sword into his place: for all they that take the sword shall perish with the sword. (53)Thinkest thou that I cannot now pray to my Father, and He shall presently give me more than twelve legions of angels? (54)But how then shall the scripture be fullfilled, that thus it must be?"
Pay special attention to verse 54.
Also in John, 18:11. "Put up thy sword into the sheath: the cup which my Father hath given me, shall I not drink it?"
Again the message is to stop interfering with a goal. Nowhere is there a rebuke for using force, just for the time and place.
 
"Sampson probably killed more Philistines than any other single man. Why? Collective defense of his people. Very unstable time for Isreal, they were oppressed in their own lands. One of the first documented guerrillas.."

He was also just a little bit miffed that somebody had been plowing with his heffer.
 
Plowing with a heifer.

I agree about Sampson's personal feelings, but don't lose sight of the big picture, same as the examples given above. Read Judges chapter 14 verse 4. Regarding Sampsons involvement with the Philistines, beginning with his wife. "But his father and mother knew not that it was of the Lord, that he sought an occasion against the Philistines: for at that time the Philistines had dominion over Isreal.
 
fuel for thoughts

interesting thread....no time for disertation.....just some thougts...

Don't hang your hat on a single verse, especially if the meaning is not a crystal clear "though shall" or "though shall not".....which I do not see in Luke 22.

Rather look for themes in scripture that are supported and re-inforced in many places and are consistant with other major themes.

A thought on the sword...

Those who live by the sword will die buy the sword....does this mean that robbers will always get their just deserts when other robbers treat them likewise? Or will just men use the sword to punish (not rehabilitate or restrain ) evil doers. I find it hard to limit the use of the sword to former, when the O.T. prescribed punishment by death for some egregious sins. Who was supposed to carry out this punishment? Members of the thieves alliance? Government institutions of the desert wonderers? Or was it the elders of the tribe....mature and responsible men....dads, uncles and older brothers? Where these men who executed justice as prescribed by God Himself to counted as immoral?

Don't make the mistake of thinking all the world has "squeaky clean" systems of institutionalized justice and policing....get outside of "western civilization" and you'll find that a large part of the world has no such institutions....or their institutions are wicked and corrupt.

Wrt. submission to authorities.....Dietrich Bonhoeffer has a lot of insight. As a Lutheran Pastor, he was compelled by conscience to form a new Lutheran Church that was not infiltrated by and would not go along with the Nazis. And when the "authorities" shut down his church, he conspired to oppose Hitler and was ultimately executed. The young men in his seminary had tough choices after loosing their "religious exemption" from military service, as the Nazi solution to conscientious objectors was a summary courts martial followed by a firing squad. Aide the Nazi war machine? Don the uniform to aide you fellow countrymen? or take the bullet in the head?

Though I differ with some of Bonhoeffers theology....I think there is a lot to be learned by someone who worked out these issues while sitting in the "hot seat" and not in a "crystal palace".

God help us all.
 
The sword and Concientious objectors

First, I'll address the issue of Dietrich Bonhoeffer. The man had guts. He chose to stand on principle in spite of what he knew to be a certain death sentance. An answer to the question "what do you really believe?"
I don't know if he objected to just the Nazi regime or warfare in general, but either way it was his firmly held conviction. As for C.O.'s in general, if it's a true belief, I have to respect that. I think too many use it as a crutch, but for the ones out there who truly espouse the ideal, more power to them.

As for those who live by the sword dying by the sword, I can see parallells in contemporary and modern times. Contemporary: The Roman centurion who went to Jesus. Obviously not a bad fellow, Jesus had conversation with him and he left a believer. The Bible doesn't say he left the legion, maybe he did, maybe not. Also, the centurion who realized after the crucifixion "Surely this was the Son of God." The Bible makes no claim that he left the legions and became part of the early church. Maybe, maybe not.
Both men, though, had a good chance of being involved in violence as part of their profession.

In modern times, we might say that those who live by the rifle die by the rifle. Does that make all our soldiers somehow unclean or inherrently evil? No, just a fact of life that choices can affect you, choosing to be a police officer, fireman, soldier or other dangerous career choice means you take on a certain risk. The Bible is full of non-spiritual things that have spiritual applications. A big example is Hebrew dietary law. The application was to obey God in everyday things (eating) but the real reason was practical. Think about the times, a thousand B.C. and conditions you'd face wandering around the desert, and suddenly those silly dietary laws make a lot of sense for preventing disease and food poisoning. Maybe the "sword" statement is another. Choose what profession or activity you will, but balance it against the rest of your life and beliefs.
 
Besides the individual RKBA and individual self-defense, I believe there is another nexus between the RKBA and the Bible. In his book "Common Sense", Thomas Paine explained that monarchy was introduced by Heathens. In this sense, free government is Christian. So a case might be made that (1) free government is Christian, and (2) a well regulated militia is necessary to the security of free government.


"Government by kings was first introduced into the world by the Heathens, from whom the children of Israel copied the custom. It was the most prosperous invention the Devil ever set on foot for the promotion of idolatry. The Heathens paid divine honours to their deceased kings, and the Christian world hath improved on the plan, by doing the same to their living ones. How impious is the title of sacred majesty applied to a worm, who in the midst of his splendor is crumbling into dust!

As the exalting one man so greatly above the rest cannot be justified on the equal rights of nature, so neither can it be defended on the authority of scripture; for the will of the Almighty, as declared by Gideon and the prophet Samuel, expressly disapproves of government by kings."

http://xroads.virginia.edu/~hyper/Paine/commonIII.html
 
Esther 8

1. On that day King Ahasuerus gave Queen Esther the house of Haman, the enemy of the Jews. And Mordecai came before the king, for Esther had told how he was related to her.
2. So the king took off his signet ring, which he had taken from Haman, and gave it to Mordecai; and Esther appointed Mordecai over the house of Haman.
3. Now Esther spoke again to the king, fell down at his feet, and implored him with tears to counteract the evil plot of Haman the Agagite, and the scheme which he had devised against the Jews.
4. And the king held out the golden scepter toward Esther. So Esther arose and stood before the king,
5. and said, "If it pleases the king, and if I have found favor in his sight and the thing seems right to the king and I am pleasing in his eyes, let it be written to revoke the letters devised by Haman, the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, which he wrote to annihilate the Jews who are in all the king's provinces.
6. "For how can I endure to see the evil that will come to my people? Or how can I endure to see the destruction of my kindred?''
7. Then King Ahasuerus said to Queen Esther and Mordecai the Jew, "Indeed, I have given Esther the house of Haman, and they have hanged him on the gallows because he tried to lay his hand on the Jews.
8. "You yourselves write a decree for the Jews, as you please, in the king's name, and seal it with the king's signet ring; for a letter which is written in the king's name and sealed with the king's signet ring no one can revoke.''
9. So the king's scribes were called at that time, in the third month, which is the month of Sivan, on the twenty-third day; and it was written, according to all that Mordecai commanded, to the Jews, the satraps, the governors, and the princes of the provinces from India to Ethiopia, one hundred and twenty-seven provinces in all, to every province in its own script, to every people in their own language, and to the Jews in their own script and language.
10. And he wrote in the name of King Ahasuerus, sealed it with the king's signet ring, and sent letters by couriers on horseback, riding on royal horses bred from swift steeds.
11. By these letters the king permitted the Jews who were in every city to gather together and protect their lives to destroy, kill, and annihilate all the forces of any people or province that would assault them, both little children and women, and to plunder their possessions,
12. on one day in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus, on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month of Adar.
13. A copy of the document was to be issued as a decree in every province and published to all people, so that the Jews would be ready on that day to avenge themselves on their enemies.
14. Then the couriers who rode on royal horses went out, hastened and pressed on by the king's command. And the decree was issued in Shushan the citadel.
15. Now Mordecai went out from the presence of the king in royal apparel of blue and white, with a great crown of gold and a garment of fine linen and purple; and the city of Shushan rejoiced and was glad.
16. The Jews had light and gladness, joy and honor.
17. And in every province and city, wherever the king's command and decree came, the Jews had joy and gladness, a feast and a holiday. Then many of the people of the land became Jews, because fear of the Jews fell upon them.

Haman had gotten the King to issue a decree (that could not be reversed) to kill the Jews. The offsetting solution (another decree) was to allow the Jews alltogether,to defend there lives. it worked then it will work today.
 
Great discussion, I really appreciate everyone's respect for each other through different sometimes disagreeing viewpoints.

I am a believer and always just thought it boiled down to the high value God places on life. Life is worth defending. It's pretty well impossible to defend that precious life without the means to do so.
 
First off, interesting discussion so far, but heres a good resource:

http://www.biblegateway.com/
a free online bible, for those who lack, or like to copy and paste.

About the Luke account of Jesus' command to buy a sword, I say he intended for them to keep it as protection in coming troublesome times.

To those who say it was for the fulfillment of prophecy that Peter would resist, and Jesus would be counted as among the various other rebels in the desert of His day; consider that God does not tempt (James 1:13).

So if Jesus intended for someone to resist, so that He can rebuke them or to give excuse to the Romans and Jewish religious leaders, then you are saying that God was providing the temptation!

The command that bears directly on this subject is Exodus 22:2 (NASV)

2"If the thief is caught while breaking in and is struck so that he dies, there will be no bloodguiltiness on his account.
3"But if the sun has risen on him, there will be bloodguiltiness on his account. He shall surely make restitution; if he owns nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft."

Thanks Norm for bringing up the story of Esther, it is helpful because the Jews are no linger a nation and are not being given orders to fight and make war by God directly anymore.

The only question that remains for me is this; we know that the 2A was not about sport or self defense (although those are benefits of KBA), it is about balancing the power of government with the power of the masses of citizens.
I don't have fundemental problems with govt waging war (I'm not a pacifist), but how can a disciple of Christ expect to wage rebellion against our own gov't? To say 'no we can't', makes the 2A useless to us.

Drew
 
but how can a disciple of Christ expect to wage rebellion against our own gov't?

I am no religous expert, but I am thinking that at the time of the Revolution that it was Mormons or Quakers that considered rebellion a sin ... I do not think that most States felt that way ... well, obviously they didn't or there would have been no revolution.
 
To those who say it was for the fulfillment of prophecy that Peter would resist, and Jesus would be counted as among the various other rebels in the desert of His day; consider that God does not tempt (James 1:13).

So if Jesus intended for someone to resist, so that He can rebuke them or to give excuse to the Romans and Jewish religious leaders, then you are saying that God was providing the temptation!


Jam 1:13 Let no one say when he is tempted, "I am being tempted by God"; for God cannot be tempted by evil, and He Himself does not tempt anyone.
Jam 1:14 But each one is tempted when he is carried away and enticed by his own lust.
Jam 1:15 Then when lust has conceived, it gives birth to sin; and when sin is accomplished, it brings forth death.

1Co 10:13 No temptation has overtaken you but such as is common to man; and God is faithful, who will not allow you to be tempted beyond what you are able, but with the temptation will provide the way of escape also, so that you will be able to endure it.

The Jewish leadership had been attempting to eliminate Christ for quite some time, and seeking a way to justify their actions to the people (Jesus was popular among the people). They wanted Christ to be an outlaw - the temptation was due to their own lust for power - it was not from God.

God had prophesied that Jesus Christ would be considered an outlaw, because he knows the hearts of men, not because he forces men into certain thoughts or actions; to force or overpoweringly tempt men into certain thoughts or actions would be a denial of free agency, and would mean no one is responsible for anything they think or perform - it is not their own will, but God's will, if you believe that preknowledge is the same as predestination, and no man may resist God's will.

God gives man the choice of obeying, which means man can accept the temptations he is presented with, or refuse those temptations. Temptations are allowed by God, but do not come from God; they are a way to test the faith of a man, but the outcome is up to the man and the strength of his faith.
 
I think that in light of Romans 13 and 1 Peter 2 a Christian who rebels against his government is in sin and needs to repent.

Just like King David refused to act against Saul.

Agreed,
Now how do we draw the line between rebellion, and fighting for the proper gov't.
For example, when Iulius Caesar crossed the Rubicon, the proper gov't was the Roman Senate, and so one would have to fight for the Senate and abandon Caesar. Later, by defeating Pompey, he is established as the dictator. His assination seems to be improper rebellion then?

During the American Revolution, the proper gov't was the British and thier local govenors, that seems fairly clear to me.

Those are easy examples;
Now, imagine a President that over steps his authority and Congress resists, like Caesar the proper gov't according to the Constitution resides in the Congress. But what if Congress is split? So that we end up with a war between the States? (bear in mind that the States were each soveriegn entities)
During the Civil War its hard to say that the South was in rebellion, because they were lead by proper heads of State and the goals of the nothern states seemed to be outside the powers of the Federal gov't in the Constitution (we can especially see this in the extra-constitutional powers the national gov't has taken since that time). Who then is the proper gov't? Is there a proper gov't to respect and obey?

Both the bible and the founding fathers agree there is a big difference between militias running around in the woods/desert with guns/swords thinking they are going to start a rebellion VS organsied and proper governing authorites leading the war.

Drew

EDIT to answer One of Many (posted at the same time)

No, I am no supporter of predestination. My point was, that if Jesus had no intention and rather condemns the disciples of using swords for self defense then telling them to buy some would be intentionally causing them to stumble. That is not in the nature of God, and is clearly condemned by earlier teachings. It would be the same as Jesus telling them to buy porn but then telling them not to look on a woman to lust. It is both hypocritcal and absurd (or absurdly hypocritical).
 
In his Encyclical Evangelium Vita Pope John Paul II argued from the second greatest commandment, "To love your neighbor as yourself". Your first duty, the one by which the love is measured, is to love yourself. Certainly, he argued, you may not fail to defend yourself out of fear. That would be a failure of love.

He goes on to say; "Moreover, 'legitimate defence can be not only a right but a grave duty for someone responsible for another's life, the common good of the family or of the State'. Unfortunately it happens that the need to render the aggressor incapable of causing harm sometimes involves taking his life. In this case, the fatal outcome is attributable to the aggressor whose action brought it about, even though he may not be morally responsible because of a lack of the use of reason."

A little something for Catholic antis to deal with.
 
Along with the Scriptures to guide us, we also were given another tool: a conscience. I truly believe that God has imbued within us, and expects us to develop and depend on our own moral code. Remember that one thing separating humans from animals is the knowledge of right vs. wrong. I am not of the camp that thinks dependence on personal conviction is incompatible with a life of faith.

Jesus had many conversations with folks that were groundbreaking and that have served as foundational guidelines for Christians. It always amazes me how people like to pick and choose which of these discussions should be taken as literal and universal instruction on how people should live and believe, while others are interpretted as abstract lessons that Jesus was using simply to make a point. I personally think he was doing the latter in many cases -- and if he WAS speaking in literal terms it was because He knew what was in the heart of the person He was speaking to.

Some of the actions I take and decisions I make in life could be seen to break the letter of the Law, yet I feel confident in following my truest convictions even when it leads me to a position that might be in contrast to the doctrines of most modern churches. Even if a case can be made based on this Scripture and that passage that Christ expected His followers to eschew violence I will continue in my belief that self defense (with a gun or otherwise) is a justifiable response to danger and a natural right.

I enjoy a nice single malt and a good cigar too -- even swear a little, with no feelings of guilt or remorse. Yet I am a man of strong faith. Go figure...
 
During the American Revolution, the proper gov't was the British and thier local governors, that seems fairly clear to me.
I think it might be more fair to say that previous to King George the British had been the proper government over the American Colonies, but that when their Chartered rights were violated, when they were for instanced taxed by a government in which they had no representation , then the British government had become improper.

During the Civil War its hard to say that the South was in rebellion, because they were lead by proper heads of State and the goals of the nothern states seemed to be outside the powers of the Federal gov't in the Constitution (we can especially see this in the extra-constitutional powers the national gov't has taken since that time). Who then is the proper gov't? Is there a proper gov't to respect and obey?
I think the US, like the British before them, turned against the States Chartered/Constituted rights.

I believe that proper government is free government at the State level. And at any level, I think that proper government is by law ... for instance, when the 14th "Amendment" failed, and the Yankees said they would force it upon us at the point of a sword ... that is not something I consider proper or respectable.
 
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