Bullets that change from AP to expanding/frag depending on what material they hit?

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jlbraun

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I think this was on Discovery's "Future Weapons". Basically, it's a funny-looking bullet that is AP when it hits something hard, and expands / fragments when it hits something soft. What is this ammo called (technical term), who makes it, and is it in production? I think it was a rifle bullet, but I'm not sure.

Anyone?
 
That would be the Aquila IQ ammo. I don't carry it in my duty piece but the box I tried seemed constient. I'm not sure it was on the Discovery channel but it's touted as the same type of product.

HTH Jim
 
If they called it anything like "blended metal" technology, it is one-hundred-percent horse hockey; the blended metal guys (LeMas) are fantastically and egregiously full of it.

~GnSx
 
Funny enough, they're relatively easy to make.

Softer core, hardened tip, thick jacket - they'll fragment violently when they hit flesh/etc, but push right through armor. Neat! :)
 
I usually carry 45ACP Aquila IQ.
I've tried it on hard and soft targets and interestingly it will break into 3-4 pieces in soft targets and stay in one piece and penetrate like FMJ in hard targets.
117 grain bullet doing 1245 fps from a Bond Arms derringer.
 
And Aguila has miserable penetration in soft tissue. It is NOT a good choice for trying to stop a person unless you think they will stop with superficial damage.
 
And Aguila has miserable penetration in soft tissue. It is NOT a good choice for trying to stop a person unless you think they will stop with superficial damage.

Info on people that have taken a hit and not stopped?
 
Indeed - most reports from actual shootings with pre-fragmented core ammunition indicate that they're quite deadly.
 
Just for background, there is a lot of misunderstanding about how an AP bullet penetrates armor. Except on thin metal, an AP bullet does not simply punch a hole; any bullet does that.

But AP works a bit differently. When a bullet strikes a solid object, like a steel plate, its kinetic energy (that "energy" figure you see in the ballistics tables) is almost instantly converted to heat. That heat melts the steel to some depth (depending on the bullet energy and the steel) and softens it for another distance. The carbide AP core then penetrates the molten and softened steel. If the bullet does not have an AP core, the bullet simply melts in the intense heat; if anything of it remains, it will be fragments of the harder or thicker jacket material.

So a bullet driven fast enough and with enough energy can penetrate armor, or at least make a hole through thin armor plate. But without a core for penetration, any material that goes through the hole will not have enough mass to cause any significant damage beyond a few inches.

Note that armor penetrating projectiles of the shaped charge variety do not depend on velocity or energy to pierce armor. Penetration is done by the explosive charge, not by the carrier projectile. Even slow moving projectiles, like the "bazooka" rounds or anti-tank RPG's can penetrate thick armor even though they do not move at anywhere near the speed of a rifle bullet.

Jim

Jim
 
Note Jim's post above.

This 1/4 inch steel plate, shot with 55gr FMJ from a 9 inch barrel Kel Tec PLR-16 .223 pistol, would seem to bare out what he says.

The holes are far bigger than .224.
What's interesting is the 1 inch wooden board that was an inch or two behind the steel isn't damaged at all.

KT223onsteelfront.gif

KT223onsteelboard.gif
 
"That heat melts the steel to some depth..."

How about we examine this idea a little.
4000 ft-lbf of energy is a rip roaring 1295 calories. That would be ~1.3 of those diet Calories.
Not enough energy to do a while lot of melting of steel. It has a density of ~7.9 grams/cm^3. A cylinder of steel 1/4 inch thick x .20 inches in diameter is about 0.13 cm^3. The specific heat of iron/steel is ~6 calories to raise 1 gram of iron 1 degree C. (the explosives engieering handbook is handy). Our cylinder weight about 1 gram (0.13 * 7.9). We have enough energy to raise the temperature of the cylinder about 1300 degrees C. Sounds hot doesn't it? the melting point of the metal is ~1500 C. Sounds like we are a little shy.

And if all the energy is converted into heat the hardened core just came to a dead stop. It has no energy.

Oh yeah, a 5.56 is only about 1300 ft-lbf at tthe muzzle and a 7.62 about 2700 ft-lbf.

Better review that theory some more.
 
Info on people that have taken a hit and not stopped?

Turn the question around a bit. Any info on it being used in real life, anywhere?

That is a huge problem. It doesn't have any real life history of performance, just claims by the manufacturer which seem to be in conflict with people's gel tests. Out of a 5" barrel with full velocity of over 1400 fps, penetrating was poor. http://www.firearmstactical.com/tacticalbriefs/volume3/number2/article2.htm

From David DiFabio on 1911 http://www.1911forum.com/forums/showthread.php?t=105888&highlight=aguila

...the IQ works quite poorly in soft tissues and the lack of projectile mass, size, and penetration capability make it considerably less effective than the poorly performing HydraShok ammunition you also use.

Back to our thread...
Indeed - most reports from actual shootings with pre-fragmented core ammunition indicate that they're quite deadly.

But you don't have data on Aguila, do you? Also, there is no core per se. It is pretty much totally hollow.

So far, I know of only one case. The abstract is here. http://www.afte.org/TrainingSeminar/AFTE2006/Summaries/afte2006_tues.htm It matched basic manufacturer claims, but note that the manufacturer doesn't claim it to be a great penetatrator of flesh. The rounds did not penetrate an older kelvar vest.

FYI, the lab results showed Aguila to basically be nearly all zinc. This was critical for GSR analysis.

The kevlar vest brings up a point about armor. You have soft armor and hard armor. AP ammo refers to hard armor penetation, not soft. Lots of ammo can penetrate soft 'armor' that isn't armor penetrating ammo.

FYI, Aguila does not penetrate rifle steel or softer pistol target-rated steel either. It doesn't cause divots or craters, not even from close range, not like the .223 did above.

The holes are far bigger than .224.
What's interesting is the 1 inch wooden board that was an inch or two behind the steel isn't damaged at all.

Right, the difference here is that the steel is soft, not armor steel and the 55 fmj ammo isn't AP ammo. So you have what is probably pistol-okay steel shot with .223 that bored right through, melting both. At close range, a 55 fmj .223 round may leave a tiny divot in 500 Brinnell armor steel or also called 'rifle' steel targets. At distance, there may be no discernable alteration in the actual steel target itself with a 55 gr fmj .223 round. The targets will hold up find to 10s of thousands of impacts and unless you are hitting the edges of the steel and taking out little cookie cutter bites, the target will potentially succomb to rust before it does .55 gr. fjm .223.

M2 Carbine, you are welcome to carry Aguila ammo. I just figured you to be one of the good guys and could do much better than Aguila for the job. I realize your wet phonebook tests have made you feel confident about the performance of the ammo http://www.thehighroad.org/showthread.php?t=197067&highlight=phone , but such tests don't seem to mirror better controlled, standardized, and understood media such as ballistics gel. So the decision to use Aguila for self defense isn't based on standardized testing of a known comparison and there isn't real life data to give any indication how it will perform in real life. So at this point, at best, it is a gamble at guessing how it might perform and given the number of years it has been around, apparently it hasn't appeared too impressive to folks in the professional community. Playing the odds, there are other types of ammo with better known performance characteristics in tests and real world on which you might want to consider use for protecting your life.
 
A teenaged friend shot my pistol rated steel target with my SKS rifle before I realized he was aiming at it instead of the paper target. The result was a deep crater (not all the way through) in the 3/8 inch steel plate, and a dimple on the back side of the plate. The diameter of the crater was quite a bit larger than the bullet diameter that caused the damage. All of the energy in the bullet converted to a hole of greater than bullet diameter, and the lost steel exited from the impact side of the plate.

I am not going to attempt an engineering analysis of energy transfer. This is anecdotal evidence for anyone interested in what happens when a rifle round hits a pistol rated steel plate at a distance of about 40 yards.
 
To get back to the original question: there are plenty of "magic bullets" touted as the "ultimate" in personal protection.

To sort out the genuine good stuff from the horse-hockey, ask yourself just one simple question:

What's being carried by those who put their lives on the line in real life?

Whatever they carry is likely to be used because it works as well as can be expected. You'll notice that NONE of them carry the latest super-duper-felon-stopper-Magnum-blaster ammo. There's a reason.
 
"That heat melts the steel to some depth..."

How about we examine this idea a little.
4000 ft-lbf of energy is a rip roaring 1295 calories. That would be ~1.3 of those diet Calories.
Not enough energy to do a while lot of melting of steel. It has a density of ~7.9 grams/cm^3. A cylinder of steel 1/4 inch thick x .20 inches in diameter is about 0.13 cm^3. The specific heat of iron/steel is ~6 calories to raise 1 gram of iron 1 degree C. (the explosives engieering handbook is handy). Our cylinder weight about 1 gram (0.13 * 7.9). We have enough energy to raise the temperature of the cylinder about 1300 degrees C. Sounds hot doesn't it? the melting point of the metal is ~1500 C. Sounds like we are a little shy.

And if all the energy is converted into heat the hardened core just came to a dead stop. It has no energy.

Oh yeah, a 5.56 is only about 1300 ft-lbf at tthe muzzle and a 7.62 about 2700 ft-lbf.

Better review that theory some more.

Interesting. And what would you propose does happen?
 
Brickeeye beat me to it. What actually happens when a bullet meets steel is very, very, very simple. The bullet hits the steel, and dents it, or possibly puts a hole through it.

Try shooting a BB gun at some modeling clay. Exactly the same type of thing, except steel is much harder than clay, and bullets hit much harder than BBs (usually).

The "heat" crap is absolutely, 100% garbage. It's derived from long disproven theories dating back to the 1700s and 1800s. People back then imagined that heat was responsible for everything bullets did. Shoot into some wood, and the inside of the hole is all black from bullet wipe; must be ash from the bullet burning a hole through the wood. Bullet is all squished, must be from the lead melting. They also believed that on hitting a person or other liquid thing, the heat would boil away the water, making a big steam explosion. Look! You shoot water and it makes a big splash! That means it's boiling the water!

According to actual physics, 100% of a bullet's kinetic energy is changed into heat. How many times have you found charred meat inside of a game animal that's been shot?
 
http://www.thehighroad.org/showthread.php?t=10690

Check the above thread for more discussion on Aguila ammo. I have posted there a pic of Aguila ammo failing to perform any better than ball or hydrashok ammo (all .45 acp) in penetrating a IIIa vest. There is additional empirical testing there where Aguila did not penetrate 15 year old retired kevlar vests. There is also empirical testing there where it is reported to go through car doors quite nicely, but nothing approaching anything related to hard or soft armor.
 
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