The rifle jags aren't really that much longer than a pistol jag, so that shouldn't matter.
However, I once used a .38 caliber rifle brush on a .380 pistol (without disassembling it) and got the brush stuck. It was longer than the action opened, so the brush couldn't exit the breech.
Fortunately, it was a 2-piece pistol rod and I was able to disassemble the slide and slip it down the rod past the muzzle. Then the brush had a free path and could "reverse" its bristles.
(This was an AMT Backup...a rather small pistol.)
So, I would guess that as long as you have room for the brush to clear the barrel, the longer rifle brush shouldn't make a difference. Provided, of course, that it is the correct diameter for your pistol.