You know, there was a time when the shooting community was taught that there was no such thing as primer sensitivity. A primer was a primer was a primer and they were all the same and they all went off predictability. This was to protect the Army from having to admit that their Garand based rifles would slamfire in battery and out of battery just due to primer sensitivity. By actively omitting the concept of primer sensitivity, the Army Ordnance Bureau and their supporters on the American Rifleman staff claimed that there was nothing wrong with the Garand design and the only causes of slamfires were shooter negligence. Many shooters still believe this today.
Thank goodness for the internet because we can now bypass the lying authorities and show each other, that primers are not so predictable. The data is out there and primer sensitivity varies considerably within a lot. Also, primers are not totally predictable.
This is from an Army report, apparently three dimensional graphs, but even in two dimensions, you can see that the probability of ignition for primer compounds vary considerably. And that primer compound technology changes the energy necessary for ignition. Green means no go bang and red means 100 percent bang. The y axis is the probability of ignition with the color bars representing ignition probabilities. The X axis represents impact energy in Joules.
I collected these pictures to show reloaders what happens when a primer goes off in a reloading tool. I would like to ask the OP permission to use his picture in the future.
This is my favorite. Federal primers went off in a Hornady Lock and Load press. The reloader had a little difficulty seating a recalcitrant primer. Without a ceiling, this primer tube might have made it into low earth orbit!
Blasted small primer 45 ACP is an absolute hazard to reloaders. This what I would classify as Cost Externalization:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_externalizing Corporations make more profits by damaging the society that protects them. With 45 ACP brass you have to be careful to sort out the small primer brass from the large primer. This is what happened to a reloader trying to seat a large pistol primer in small pistol primer 45 ACP brass. The powder measure caught on fire! EEK!
Federal primer, lock and load press.
I wish I had pictures of a Dillion 650B or 1050 that friends saw. A large pistol primer would not go into the small pistol primer 45 ACP brass. A bud who saw it said something to the effect he could not believe the total destruction.