The recoil spring's function is to close the slide after each shot, NOT to manage recoil (although it can be used to do that.) If your gun functions properly, about the only thing that's going to happen with a weak recoil spring is that it may allow spent cases to go into orbit or, in the case of some loads, not store enough force to properly close the slide.
Too strong a recoil spring can cause problems that are even worse -- like failures to feed (because the slide isn't going back far enough), and with some guns, damaged slide stops (as the slide slams forward with a lot of extra force. If you reload hot loads, the stronger recoil springs will keep the spent brass nearby for recovery and that's arguably the main reason to go to a stronger recoil spring.
Magazine springs have to present the next round in a manner that allows it to be stripped from the mag without the nose of the round dipping and catching. When mag springs get weak, you start having feeding problems, etc.
For other springs (like trigger springs), it's likely that they'll just break with no warning. That's a pretty rare event.