When I first started reloading in the late 60's the revolutionary carbide pistol dies were relatively new. I bought the Lyman All American carbide dies in 38/357, with the top half of the sizing die gold colored, to show how good they were. Also added RCBS in 45 Colt and 45 ACP as I acquired those calibers.
Then the rifle dies started being available with the carbide expander. Mostly the expanders were available from a third party at a cost of about $6. Pretty expensive in relation to a set of dies then. The ones I bought were a carbide ring, less than 1/8" in width pressed onto an expander. They were very brittle and several of them broke, but IIRC they would replace them free. This allowed you to not lube the inside of the neck.
At the time the 9mm was kind of an oddball cartridge and most of the manuals has a comment about the tapered case being difficult to reload because you could not use a carbide die.
When I started reloading again about three years ago, of course the 9mm was king. I wondered what was different. I inspected my Lee 9mm carbide die and saw that rather than being a small ring at the bottom of the die, it was about 1/2" and tapered. Guess they figured out how to make it with a taper.
In Lee's reloading book he talks about the development of the carbide die.