My mistakes have been from negligence, and I got lucky due to several reasons.
I had been mass loading pistol cartridges, and forgot to calibrate my scale before starting, assuming it was right on. I wasnt loading anywhere max, the powder was extremely weak (800x in 115gr 9mm), and I had kept a very consistent location of the scale on my bench which was meticulously leveled.
I realized my mistake after loading, and this was early on in my reloading hobby so I pulled a few cases, calibrated my scale and weighed the charges again in a random sample of 15 cases and found my charges were still spot on. I still remember that mistake and calibrate/zero my balance everytime I drop charges to ensure my powder measure is spot on, and my balance is spot on.
My second mistake was letting 223 brass go one or two firings without trimming. I checked 30 samples and they were within spec, but this is out of 400-600 cases.
After firing I was inspecting my primers when I noticed maybe 3 out of those 600 had a tiny rupture in the primer where the FP hit. I checked my AR bolt face and sure enough there was a tiny divot where the firing pin protrudes. It doesn't affect function but I learned my lesson, and I bought a WFT 223 trimmer to make the process less painful and I trim after every sizing operation to 1.75"
The last one is the most benign, but had I not noticed could have caused some problems with extreme setback. I have a single stage where I do all my reloading, and 9mm cases can be quite tedious, especially if you're doing them in batches.
After priming and expanding my cases, I noticed in a rare few instances the bullet had barely any neck tension when placed in the case, and some would drop right in with zero neck tension!
I thought, damn you blazer, and pmc brass! Cheap bastards. I marked them with a sharpie for later primer removal and disposal.
A few years later, I decided to deprime/resize while I was at it. Did it slowly and methodically for the sake of primers. Once I had these cases resized and deprimed, I thought... Last chance for you sorry bunch, else you get smashed and tossed. Expanded the cases, and they had perfect neck tension. I realized every few thousand, I wouldnt fully resize a case, and lowered the ram when I saw the primer pop out. They weren't fully sized down, and werent able to hold neck tension beyond the part I had expanded.
I'm only human, and I'm lucky enough to have caught my mistakes early on, and remedy them before I made any real mistakes. The end result is what matters, and little mistakes have made me safer overall and more cognizant of my practices.
A lot of really good advice and lessons learned in this thread!