If you reload, get the .257Roberts and don't look back. If you don't get the .243.
Having hunted, reloaded, and killed deer and varmints with both, the Roberts is just as good for varmints as the .243. Any short coming for varmits for the "Bob", will justly apply to the .243 (someone mentioned ricochetes..)..
However, when it comes to big-game, the 'Bob has it all over the .243.
I've only shot a "dozen" or so deer with the .243 and have lost nearly that many more due to bullet failures of various descriptions. Mostly failure to penetrate a close range, and failure to expand at longish ranges (over 300yds).
The 'Bob is much better at this. I've shot over 100 deer with my custom M98 'bob, as well as half a dozen with a Ruger M77MkII. Not to mention the dozen or so with the .257WbyMag.
The 100gr .257 typically holds together better at extremly close ranges and expands better at extreamly long ranges than equivalent .243 100gr bullets. A case in point is the 100gr Hornady Pt.Spt "Interlok" vs. the .243 100gr equivalent. I've had several deer lost, or had to have a second shot and recovered bullets had shed jacket and basically disentigrated to lead shards. On the other hand, I've had .257's impact at over 3,200fps (90yds, m/v of 3,600fps) and recover them on opposite side of the deer under the hide at 67.5gr with classic mushroom.
It only took one evening "culling" deer at a local airport with a co-worker to convince him of the superiority of the .257 over the .243. I was using the Hornady 75gr hp @ 3,500fps and he was using Remington 80gr PtSpt's from his .243 (22"bbl = 3,300fps). My bullets impacting gave a "whap" like a snapped wet towel and deer universally hit the ground. His gave a light "pop", and unless cns was hit, his ran 25-100yds.
I know this is "anecdotal", and apple's-vs.-oranges, but comparing a .257Robt. to a .243 is IMO an apples to oranges comparison from the start.
If you are limited to "factory" ammo, the .243 wins hands down as there are only a few full powdered .257Robt loads available, and require ordering them "online". But, with hand loads, there is a world of difference.
Having shot the .257 so long, the .260 I've been playing with for about 18mos is a "meh...", nothing special.... as it is Soooooo Cloose to what I've experienced from the .257 w/ 117-120gr bullets vs. 120-160gr bullets from the .260....
Sorry, you .243 affecionados if I've "gored your ox". It's just my 35yrs of experience of using both calibers..... I lump the .243 with the .22-250 as a "varmint" rifle, and yes I've shot deer with the .22-250 and my opinion, it's as good/bad as the .243 with 60gr+ bullets....
Now comparing the .257 to the .270win, now you have a "close" race.... for anything you'd shoot with a .270 with 130gr bullet, the .257 will do with a 115-120gr bullets...