Western frontier citizens had as many choices as we do today in choosing a rifle.
Much of the choice was dependent on the amount of cash they had to spare when choosing their rifle.
Surplus military firearms were in abundance as were new rifles produced by upstart companies during the reformation.
Gold standard repeating rifles of the era would include the 1873 and 1876 Winchester lever actions as well as the coveted 1881 Marlin which could use the .45-70 Government cartridge.
Winchester did not introduce a repeating rifle in this caliber until 1886 and by then the only real uncivilized areas were located in the barren southwest.
In reality, the majority of westerners chose those Military surplus rifles with Spencer, Henry, and Sharps rifles being the creme' de-la creme' of affordable hardware.
Muzzleloading Infantry rifles were quite common too, with a good majority being reamed out to act as 20 guage smoothbores shotguns.
It is interesting to note in old gun catalogs that side by side cartridge loading hammer double guns were extremely expensive compared to the repeating rifles of the era.
A good period lever rifle from Marlin or Winchester could be had for around $50.00 cash money and brand new.
An English or high grade American hammer double gun was going for three times that amount!
Well out oif the price range of the common citizen scraping a living out of the American west.
Consequently, the majority of real shotgun hunting was done with muzzleloading single and double guns, right up to the turn of the century.
While praise is lauded upon the Winchester lever action rifle and Colt single action revolver, historical study has shown that real trends towards modernization of firearms in the hands of common citizens did not begin until the turn of the twentieth century.
As for Cowboy Action Shooting today, Marlins seem to win the beans most often in the big money games.