The Super Tuesday Tornado in Arkansas hit my town (Mountain View), destroyed the hospital and ambulance service, knocked out phone service outside the county, left highways blocked in three directions, and knocked out power for a week.
My wife and I have a well-rehearsed disaster plan -- we've had week-long power losses before.
Here are some tips:
Make a plan -- a realistic plan.
Start with a realistic situation -- not TEOTWAWKI, but one based on actual survival incidents where you live. Here it is ice storms and tornadoes. They have two similarities -- long term loss of power, and physical isolation (due to trees and power lines down on the roads.)
Develop an outline plan -- this plan, sometimes called a "Long Term Plan" is a statement of what you plan to accomplish.
Resource the plan. Acquire the things you will need. If you cannot afford some things now, plan to acquire them later. This is sometimes called a "Mid Term Plan."
Execute the plan -- the execution plan is the "Short Range Plan." Don't wait for a tornado or earthquake -- take some vacation time and put your plan into action. If you plan to walk from Atlanta, Georgia to Nantahala carrying your gun safe and Dillon 550B reloader, you might want to try that before the disaster strikes.
Evaluate your execution. Make notes of what worked and what didn't work. Make a list of the things you wish you had, and plan to acquire them.
Stress the elements of survival. I won't list them in any particular order, because one element may be critical in one situation, but not in another.
Shelter. This is where you will live. You may have to live there for days, weeks, months, or even a year or more. A cave or tarp under a tree is not a satisfactory long term shelter. My shelter is my basement -- fully finished, with reinforced concrete walls, two steel girders running the width of the house, and two exits -- basement stairs and double doors to outside. It is furnished with a hide-a-bed sofa, and there is an 8X12 "machine room" where the HVAC, water heater, and so on reside. There is room enough for a large gun safe, a freezer, shelves containing canned goods, batteries, etc.
Food. We have enough canned goods to last us a month in the "machine room."
Water. We are on a rural water system, so no need for a pump. We also keep a gallon of bleach in the machine room so as to be able to purify creek water if needed.
Heat. The temperature was in the 'teens this time. The basement stays at 55 degrees year-round, so the wood stove was adequate. This is characteristic of underground shelters, and makes them especially desirable.
Power. We keep a 1.35 KW generator in the machine room, take it outside and run it to keep the freezer from thawing.
Light. My wife and I have flashlights everywhere -- in the truck, in the car, in the bedside tables, in the machine room. We also stock candles, oil lamps, Coleman fuel (2 gallons) in there. Our Dual Fuel Coleman lantern will burn regular gas, too.
Cooking. We keep a Coleman Dual Fuel camp stove in the machine room.
Communications. We keep a hand-cranked radio. We may add a transmitter-receiver after this experience. Fortunately, telephone service (at least within the county) has never failed us.
Sanitation. We have a half-bath in the basement, and with gravity water and a stove to heat it, we were able to keep clean. However, not everyone was so fortunate, as I noticed when working closely with others during the emergency.
Transportation. We have 4X4s, and keep 10 gallons of gas in cans in out outside shed. We also have tire chains.
Tools. Forget "survival tools." The most important tool is a chain saw. During the last ice storm, we had to cut about 20 trees that had broken or bent over blocking our 1/4-mile drive. We had a couple on the 0.6 mile common road, too.
Protection. I am always armed (except in polling places -- dang it!). I keep firearms spotted in the house where I can get to them quickly, as well. Of course, our isolation (3 1/2 miles down the county road, 0.6 miles down the common road, and a quarter mile down our drive) also offers protection.
Community. We worked together to help save and provide necessities to our neighbors. They would do the same for us, if needed.