How do you choose your new powder?

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Availability/cost and a burn chart whenever we have prolonged shortages on the shelves. I can honestly say I've never mail ordered any hazmat items to the house so powder and primers are subject to the whims of the local dealers. Truth be told though I've always been able to keep a decent supply of Unique on hand so no matter what happens there is always a fallback option. Thankfully I've kept the shelves stocked with my go-to choices. Rifles I really haven't noticed enough difference in performance between 4064/3031/4895/4350/R15/CFE223/BLC2/Varget to make my world crash down when any particular selection is unavailable. I'm basically at factory load equivalents (unless downloading cast/plated) and all of them have been loaded to near equal velocity and accuracy. Buy an 8 pounder and be happy for a while :)
 
How do you choose your powder? I might first search online for the most popular powder. Then, I would look at a reloading manual. There, I look at the range of powders that are consistently similar in velocity range. Then, I choose the middle powder. I also use Ken Waters' Petloads books a lot.
I look in my stash and figure which ones fits the bill.
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I generally can get done everything I need done, reloading for more than 40 cartridges in any given year, and almost as many again in odd-ball lots, all with Bullseye, H110, Varget, H4350, Retumbo. I sneak few other powders in there like 8208 for Grendel based cartridges or HP38 for powder puff 357mags, and I do have a lot of other pet loads, but in general, those 5 powders do everything I need to do.
 
In 2022? I comb through all the websites looking for anything at all, and when I find it, I look through all the loading information available to determine if there's any possible way to make it work.

Then I give up and disgust and go shoot my flintlock some more.
 
I read reviews in hand loading forums. This forum has one of the best hand loading sections. Like a powder that meters well. Bullseye and AA2520 meter very well.
 
last few years I took what I could get my hands on. still a few that I'd like to try, but were not available when I was shopping. for the most part, I just go for whatever is considered a go to for whatever it is I'm loading.
 
Recently, for handgun powders, I used just AA powders. But, after loading for the .45acp, 5.0gr Bullseye worked very well and 2.7gr Bullseye worked very well for 38-148WC. So, I thought I'd stay with the classic powders. Then, last week I spoke with and IPSC shooter, he preferred powders that had a low chamber pressure to high muzzle velocity to reduce muzzle lift. I suppose this meant that he could keep his sights on target more easily. Hmmm, maybe that's a good idea for SD and semi-auto loads. As for revolvers, I have classic Blue Dot powder load and an AA9 JHP hot loads.
 
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Primarily rifle loader for 30+ years so I would try 3-4 powders the manuals used for that caliber. Seemed a few always rose to the top; H414, RL19, RL22, IMR 4350. A few only made 2nd best a time or 2, IMR4841, H4895.

I don’t chase accuracy nor velocity in handguns like I do in rifle so any powder that will cycle and feed reliably works for me. That said, because I grabbed everything available for over a year, I have amassed a wide variety of pistol powder. If time allows, I would like to find pet loads for .380, 9mm, .40, .38 and .357.

with W231, W244, Tightgroup, Zip, Siloutte, Bulleye, HS6, H110/W296, N110, WAF, WST in the cabinet, I have a few options. But for now it’s Silhouette in 9mm.
 
I see what the manuals and various reviews say.

Availability under normal times is a factor. These days, I’m not using much powder and have not needed to try new powders.

I have never found the need to consult a burn rate chart.
 
Then I give up and disgust and go shoot my flintlock some more.

I like to think of shooting my flintlocks as reloading one round at a time immediately before I fire it.

For my modern guns I only reload 4 calibers, 9mm, .45 ACP, .223 and .308, and I have a decent supply of a different powder for each. I'm happy with how they work so I don't change.
 
I look at the maximum power aka slowest burning powder for that cartridge, work out how many reloads I get out of a can, take a cold shower and choose powders 1-2 tiers higher in burn rate. I also have an easier selection method at times which is buying whatever is discounted.
 
I like to think of shooting my flintlocks as reloading one round at a time immediately before I fire it.

For my modern guns I only reload 4 calibers, 9mm, .45 ACP, .223 and .308, and I have a decent supply of a different powder for each. I'm happy with how they work so I don't change.
Sounds like you could use as little as 2 powders and as many as 4. Ramshot Silhouette and tac would do those nicely.
 
I like to think of shooting my flintlocks as reloading one round at a time immediately before I fire it.

And if you need powder or flints, you can go online and order it from multiple sources.

I was only half-joking in post #35: I literally have given up on load development several times in the past few months, simply because none of the powders I wanted to try were available. The only notable success story lately stemmed from digging way back through the pile and finding a 3/4 full cannister of "just the right" powder so old it had a $14.99 price tag on it.

I'll report the results, if I live.
 
I assume that not every powder is tested for a particular bullet. Has anyone tried a non-posted powder in a manual, yet the burn rate makes it suitable and discovered that the new powder was surprisingly good?
 
I assume that not every powder is tested for a particular bullet. Has anyone tried a non-posted powder in a manual, yet the burn rate makes it suitable and discovered that the new powder was surprisingly good?
Absolutely, look for a 357 mag Silhouette load.
 
How do you choose your powder?
Most accurate/Match loads - Reference known accurate/popular loads used by other match shooters and conduct comparison range testing to determine which powders produce smallest groups with particular bullets and firearms I am using.

These are results from 2021 USPSA annual equipment survey (Starting 2022, actual powders used were dropped from the survey but manufacturers continued) - https://uspsa.org/magazine/view//2022-00#page=1
There are good reasons why certain powders stand out:
Verifying the "most accurate" powder and charges require multiple range trips to confirm accuracy results/trend with same powder charge or subsequent range trips to fine tune with .1 gr powder charge adjustment or incremental reduction of OAL (To increase neck tension) at increasing distances.

For my USPSA 45ACP/9mm/40S&W match loads, Bullseye/Clays/WST/Titegroup/W231(HP-38)/Universal/WSF/HS-6 were tested and I ended up using W231/WSF for my minor/major PF loads for softer recoil impulse that allowed me to return front sight back on target faster. If I were to compete again, I would consider Titegroup/Sport Pistol as they produce slightly smaller groups than W231 with less temperature sensitivity and BE-86 as it produces higher velocities than WSF.


Full power/Major power factor/Duplicate factory JHP/Defensive loads
- Reference published load data for highest velocities to conduct powder work up and chrono/group size testing. I like using Speer online load data as it is sorted/listed by highest velocities to lowest, newer powders along with older powders and particularly for lead bullets, start/max charges - https://www.speer.com/reloading/handgun-data.html

For my factory duplicate Speer Gold Dot/Remington Golden Saber JHP practice rounds using same bulk bullets, I used WSF for decades due to higher velocities and softer felt recoil but in recent years, replaced with BE-86 due to higher velocities and slightly smaller groups.


Lighter recoil/Minor power factor/Target loads/Plinking loads
- Reference powder burn rate chart and look at W231/HP-38 and faster burning powders as faster burning powders can often produce accuracy yet reliably cycle the slide at start-to-mid range load data. With really fast burning powders like Bullseye, if start charge will produce accuracy and reliable slide cycling, I will "work down" below published start charge in .1-.2 gr increments to see how low I can go.

For USPSA minor power factor loads, I looked to produce around 1050 fps with 124/125 gr bullet for 130-135 PF with decent level of accuracy as utmost accuracy of "Bullseye match shooting" was not necessary. I also looked at temperature sensitivity/reverse sensitivity of powders to ensure I can meet PF requirement regardless of ambient temperature - https://www.thehighroad.org/index.p...temperature-sensitivity.817116/#post-10473222

BTW, here are groupings of powders by relative burn rates I use to better identify suitable powders for my load development - https://www.thehighroad.org/index.p...s-and-discussions.778197/page-9#post-10644921

Faster burning pistol powders:

E3 - Competition - Nitro 100 - N310 - Norma R1

Red Dot/Promo - IMR Red - Clays - 700X - Bullseye - Vectan Ba 10 - IMR Target - TiteGroup - Vectan AS - Am. Select - Solo 1000 - WST - International - Trail Boss - N320 - Sport Pistol - Vectan Ba 9.5 - No. 2 - Clean Shot/Lovex D032.03

W231/HP-38 - Zip - Green Dot - IMR Green

Slower burning pistol powders
:

Unique - Universal - IMR Unequal - Vectan Ba 9 - BE-86 - Power Pistol - N330 - Vectan A1 - Herco - Vectan A0 - WSF - N340 - 800X

No. 5 - Auto Pistol/Lovex D036-03 - True Blue - HS6 - AutoComp - Ultimate Pistol/Lovex D036-07 - CFE Pistol - Silhouette - 3N37

N350 - 3N38 - IMR Blue - W572 - Blue Dot - No. 7 - Major Pistol/Lovex D037-01 - Vectan Ba 7.5 - Pro Reach - Long Shot - 2400

Enforcer - No. 9 - Heavy Pistol/Lovex D037-02 - 4100 - Steel - Norma R123 - N110 - Lil'Gun - W296/H110 - 300-MP - 11FS - Vectan Ba 6.5 - H4227​


General purpose/Paper punching/Range blasting/Lowest cost loads
- This is "Jack of all trades, master of none" where a particular load must work in any firearm regardless of make/model/leade length/etc. while compromising optimal accuracy for a specific firearm.

An example load for 9mm is 115 gr FMJ/RN bullets loaded to 1.110"-1.130" OAL using the cheapest powders like Promo that will likely work in most pistols. 4.1-4.2 gr charge reliably cycled the slides of Glocks/M&P Shield and produced light recoil and 4.4-4.5 gr charge produced felt recoil more comparable to Winchester white box with slightly greater accuracy - https://www.thehighroad.org/index.p...blended-promo-for-more-accurate-loads.841097/


Pistol Caliber Carbine loads - During the "Great Component Shortage" of 2013, I started building 9mm PCCs because 22LR prices approached 9mm reloading cost of around $5-$6/50 rounds.

During my 50/100 yard testing with various powders from Bullseye/Red Dot/Promo to BE-86, I found faster burning powders produce less soot on cases and greater accuracy. For blowback action PCCs, faster powders likely expand the case mouth/neck faster for more consistent chamber pressures before bolt/buffer start to move back and leak gas. 2021 USPSA survey showing faster burning powders used for PCC/3-gun match loads was no surprise as match shooters using blowback action PCCs probably found the same thing about burn rate vs dwell time of bolt/case mouth/neck in contact with chamber before gas leaked and pressure dropped from bolt/buffer moving back.
Currently Promo (Same burn rate as Red Dot and faster burning than Titegroup/N320/Sport Pistol) is my go to powder for PCC loads as using high-to-near max load data produces spent cases that are less sooty than W231/HP-38 and slower burning powders and produces smaller groups than W231/HP-38 but due to fast burn rate, felt recoil can be sharper depending on the powder charge. This may not be an issue for recreational shooters, but for match shooters who need the front sight to remain flat on the target, there are buffer weight/delayed blowback buffer options to offset the issue of too short of dwell time - https://www.thehighroad.org/index.php?threads/9mm-pcc-bolt-choice.903452/#post-12248344


Powder case fill/Powder position/Air gap in relation to primer flash - For semi-auto rounds that are less than 100% powder case fill, when slammed into chamber fed from the magazine, powder position is "powder forward" with an air gap in front of the primer flash hole if case fill is low enough. Some powders can be sensitive to powder position as instead of burning from the primer flash hole towards the bullet base, you can have top-down burn if the case fill is light enough - https://www.thehighroad.org/index.p...s-and-discussions.778197/page-8#post-10298638

As discussed in the "... Advanced Reloading ..." thread with limited range testing supported by chrono data, it appears 95%-100% powder case fill loads produce smaller group size than loads that end up with air gap/top-down powder burn when chambered. For reloading applications where powder case fill/powder position/air gap in front of primer flash hole could be a factor, especially lower powder charge target loads, larger flake/fluffy powders like Unique/Red Dot/Promo may be better suited to produce smaller groups or using shorter OAL to achieve 95%-100% case fill.

Max powder case fill calculations for specific COL/OAL and bullet length example at bottom of post for WST/9mm - https://www.thehighroad.org/index.p...er-target-published-load-data-for-9mm.870180/


Muzzle flash brightness and size - While muzzle flash brightness and size may not be an issue shooting in bright sunlight or well lit indoor range, I have done low light/no light shooting for defensive shooting training/drills with range lights dimmed and night shooting (My defensive shooting instructor taught new PD/SD SWAT members) to notice muzzle flash brightness and size could be a factor in low light/no light shooting situations, especially with night vision use.

In this testing with no light/night vision scope use, these popular powders produced different measurable muzzle flash size - https://www.thehighroad.org/index.php?threads/need-low-flash-9mm-powder.809859/page-2#post-10357740

HP-38 4.8 gr RMR 115 gr FMJ @ 1.130" - This load was used as reference and produced 4" long by 2" high orange colored muzzle flash from the side (Shooter's point of view - 1.5" round flash).

Promo
3.8-4.0 gr RMR 124 gr HM RN @ 1.150" - 1" long by 1" high faint orange colored muzzle flash (Shooter's POV - 0.5" round flash). In low light, muzzle flash was almost non-detectable.

BE-86
5.2 gr RMR 124 gr HM RN @ 1.150" - 2" long by 3" high bright orange muzzle flash (Shooter's POV - 3" round flash). This was by far the brightest muzzle flash of four powders tested.

CFE-Pistol
5.2 gr RMR 124 gr HM RN @ 1.150" - 1" long by 2" high orange colored muzzle flash (Shooter's POV - 2" round flash).​


Availability - Like in previous component shortages, it doesn't matter what powders I want if they are unobtainium. As expected, when a shortage cycle starts, most popular powders are sold out first and we are forced to consider secondary alternate powder choices (Powders we would actually use when supplies are plentiful) and even tertiary alternate powder choices (Powders we would not use when supplies are plentiful).

After experiencing powder sourcing issues during the "Great Component Shortage" of 2013, same/comparable powders listing was developed to identify alternate powders to popular powders - https://www.thehighroad.org/index.p...-under-different-labels.890893/#post-12318114

For 40S&W, my primary powder choices are BE-86 and WSF. My secondary choice during shortage cycle was Herco as it produced good accuracy and clean spent cases (Inside the case clean). My tertiary choice would be Promo but it produces sharper/harsher recoil than softer BE-86/WSF/Herco but I can back Promo charge down to comparable 9mm recoil.

For 9mm loads loaded to 130-135 PF, my primary powder choices are WST, Titegroup, Sport Pistol (No, I have bought N320/N340 before but happy with Sport Pistol that burns cleaner) and BE-86/WSF for higher velocity loads. Secondary powder choices are W231/HP-38, Promo/Red Dot, Bullseye, Ba 9.5, No 2/Clean Shot. Tertiary powder choices are Herco and Green Dot.
 
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Most accurate/Match loads - Reference known accurate/popular loads used by other match shooters and conduct comparison range testing to determine which powders produce smallest groups with particular bullets and firearms I am using.

These are results from 2021 USPSA annual equipment survey (Starting 2022, actual powders used were dropped from the survey but manufacturers continued) - https://uspsa.org/magazine/view//2022-00#page=1
There are good reasons why certain powders stand out:
Verifying the "most accurate" powder and charges require multiple range trips to confirm accuracy results/trend with same powder charge or subsequent range trips to fine tune with .1 gr powder charge adjustment or incremental reduction of OAL (To increase neck tension) at increasing distances.

For my USPSA 45ACP/9mm/40S&W match loads, Bullseye/Clays/WST/Titegroup/W231(HP-38)/Universal/WSF/HS-6 were tested and I ended up using W231/WSF for my minor/major PF loads for softer recoil impulse that allowed me to return front sight back on target faster. If I were to compete again, I would consider Titegroup/Sport Pistol as they produce slightly smaller groups than W231 with less temperature sensitivity and BE-86 as it produces higher velocities than WSF.


Full power/Major power factor/Duplicate factory JHP/Defensive loads
- Reference published load data for highest velocities to conduct powder work up and chrono/group size testing. I like using Speer online load data as it is sorted/listed by highest velocities to lowest, start/max charges and newer powders along with older powders, particularly for lead bullets - https://www.speer.com/reloading/handgun-data.html

For my factory duplicate Speer Gold Dot/Remington Golden Saber JHP practice rounds using same bulk bullets, I used WSF for decades due to higher velocities and softer felt recoil but in recent years, replaced with BE-86 due to higher velocities and slightly smaller groups.


Lighter recoil/Minor power factor/Target loads/Plinking loads
- Reference powder burn rate chart and look at W231/HP-38 and faster burning powders as faster burning powders can often produce accuracy yet reliably cycle the slide at start-to-mid range load data. With really fast burning powders like Bullseye, if start charge will produce accuracy and reliable slide cycling, I will "work down" below published start charge in .1-.2 gr increments to see how low I can go.

For USPSA minor power factor loads, I looked to produce around 1050 fps with 124/125 gr bullet for 130-135 PF with decent level of accuracy as utmost accuracy of "Bullseye match shooting" was not necessary. I also looked at temperature sensitivity/reverse sensitivity of powders to ensure I can meet PF requirement regardless of ambient temperature - https://www.thehighroad.org/index.p...temperature-sensitivity.817116/#post-10473222

BTW, here are groupings of powders by relative burn rates I use to better identify suitable powders for my load development - https://www.thehighroad.org/index.p...s-and-discussions.778197/page-9#post-10644921

Faster burning pistol powders:

E3 - Competition - Nitro 100 - N310 - Norma R1

Red Dot/Promo - IMR Red - Clays - 700X - Bullseye - Vectan Ba 10 - IMR Target - TiteGroup - Vectan AS - Am. Select - Solo 1000 - WST - International - Trail Boss - N320 - Sport Pistol - Vectan Ba 9.5 - No. 2 - Clean Shot/Lovex D032.03

W231/HP-38 - Zip - Green Dot - IMR Green

Slower burning pistol powders
:

Unique - Universal - IMR Unequal - Vectan Ba 9 - BE-86 - Power Pistol - N330 - Vectan A1 - Herco - Vectan A0 - WSF - N340 - 800X

No. 5 - Auto Pistol/Lovex D036-03 - True Blue - HS6 - AutoComp - Ultimate Pistol/Lovex D036-07 - CFE Pistol - Silhouette - 3N37

N350 - 3N38 - IMR Blue - W572 - Blue Dot - No. 7 - Major Pistol/Lovex D037-01 - Vectan Ba 7.5 - Pro Reach - Long Shot - 2400

Enforcer - No. 9 - Heavy Pistol/Lovex D037-02 - 4100 - Steel - Norma R123 - N110 - Lil'Gun - W296/H110 - 300-MP - 11FS - Vectan Ba 6.5 - H4227​


General purpose/Paper punching/Range blasting/Lowest cost loads
- This is "Jack of all trades, master of none" where a particular load must work in any firearm regardless of make/model/leade length/etc. while compromising optimal accuracy for a specific firearm.

An example load for 9mm is 115 gr FMJ/RN bullets loaded to 1.110"-1.130" OAL using the cheapest powders like Promo that will likely work in most pistols. 4.1-4.2 gr charge reliably cycled the slides of Glocks/M&P Shield and produced light recoil and 4.4-4.5 gr charge produced felt recoil more comparable to Winchester white box with slightly greater accuracy - https://www.thehighroad.org/index.p...blended-promo-for-more-accurate-loads.841097/


Pistol Caliber Carbine loads - During the "Great Component Shortage" of 2013, I started building 9mm PCCs because 22LR prices approached 9mm reloading cost of around $5-$6/50 rounds.

During my 50/100 yard testing with various powders from Bullseye/Red Dot/Promo to BE-86, I found faster burning powders produce less soot on cases and greater accuracy. For blowback action PCCs, faster powders likely expand the case mouth/neck faster for more consistent chamber pressures before bolt/buffer start to move back and leak gas. 2021 USPSA survey showing faster burning powders used for PCC/3-gun match loads was no surprise as match shooters using blowback action PCCs probably found the same thing about burn rate vs dwell time of bolt/case mouth/neck in contact with chamber before gas leaked and pressure dropped from bolt/buffer moving back.
Currently Promo (Same burn rate as Red Dot and faster burning than Titegroup/N320/Sport Pistol) is my go to powder for PCC loads as using high-to-near max load data produces spent cases that are less sooty than W231/HP-38 and slower burning powders and produces smaller groups than W231/HP-38 but due to fast burn rate, felt recoil can be sharper depending on the powder charge. This may not be an issue for recreational shooters, but for match shooters who need the front sight to remain flat on the target, there are buffer weight/delayed blowback buffer options to offset the issue of too short of dwell time - https://www.thehighroad.org/index.php?threads/9mm-pcc-bolt-choice.903452/#post-12248344


Availability - Like in previous component shortages, it doesn't matter what powder I want if they are unobtainium. As expected, when a shortage cycle starts, most popular powders are sold out first and we are forced to consider secondary alternate powder choices (Powders we would actually use when supplies are plentiful) and even tertiary alternate powder choices (Powders we would not use when supplies are plentiful).

After experiencing powder sourcing issues during the "Great Component Shortage" of 2013, same/comparable powders listing was developed to identify alternate powders to popular powders - https://www.thehighroad.org/index.p...-under-different-labels.890893/#post-12318114

For 40S&W, my primary powder choices are BE-86 and WSF. My secondary choice during shortage cycle was Herco as it produced good accuracy and clean spent cases (Inside the case clean). My tertiary choice would be Promo but it produces sharper/harsher recoil than softer BE-86/WSF/Herco but I can back down Promo charge down to comparable 9mm recoil.

For 9mm loads loaded to 130-135 PF, my primary powder choices are WST, Titegroup, Sport Pistol (No, I have bought N320/N340 before but happy with Sport Pistol that burns cleaner) and BE-86/WSF for higher velocity loads. Secondary powder choices are W231/HP-38, Promo/Red Dot, Bullseye, Ba 9.5, No 2/Clean Shot. Tertiary powder choices are Herco and Green Dot.
You appear to have done all the depth of field testing I was hoping to accomplish with 38/357. There is a powder on the shelf, I know the load to make that work or hard pass. Your posts are great, and I hope to have the depth of your experience sooner than later.
 
DISCLAIMER: Following post contains unpublished loads. Use unpublished loads at your own risk.

I assume that not every powder is tested for a particular bullet. Has anyone tried a non-posted powder in a manual, yet the burn rate makes it suitable and discovered that the new powder was surprisingly good?
Yes.

Promo - During the "Great Component Shortage" of 2013, many in my group buy were interested in testing newly released Promo and I got "volunteered" as the guinea pig subject. According to Alliant, Promo had the same burn rate as Red Dot but was more dense requiring use of Red Dot load data by weight, not by volume. I tested Promo in 9mm/40S&W/45ACP/45Colt and later in various PCCs and found it to be surprisingly usable for pistol/PCC applications producing smaller PCC groups compared to other more popular powders.

After nagging Paul from Alliant Reloading to make Promo better metering, we got our wish when Promo was "reblended" with mostly round flakes and almost no rough "Red Dot" crinkled flakes to now meter with .12 gr variance in C-H 502 powder measure (Same as W231/HP-38) - https://www.thehighroad.org/index.p...blended-promo-for-more-accurate-loads.841097/


IMR Red
- When Hodgdon released IMR Red to compete with Alliant Red Dot, I was disappointed when there was no load data for 9mm published (But there was load data for 45ACP). So I conducted careful slow full powder work up with chrono data and 124 gr bullet (1.160" OAL down to 1.145") from charges that did not cycle the slide (3.2-3.3 gr fps all over the place) to stovepiping (3.4-3.5 gr ~840 fps) to reliably cycling the slide (3.6-3.7 gr ~900 fps) to producing accuracy trending charges (4.0-4.4 gr ~1000-1100 fps) with repeated range testing - https://www.thehighroad.org/index.p...ectan-ba-9-5-ba-9.817796/page-2#post-10520702

Recently Hodgdon added one 9mm load to IMR Red but since, powder has been discontinued - https://www.hodgdonreloading.com/reloading-data-center
  • 9mm 135 gr ACME RN IMR Red COL 1.150" Start 3.4 gr (922 fps) - Max 3.9 gr (1,039 fps)

Winchester Super Target - Hodgdon does not publish WST load data for 9mm (I have been told by other match shooters WST gets "spikey" at the top) but the powder has been used by match shooters and 9mm for decades and produced smallest 9mm groups for me.
So referencing Hornady 4th edition, powder case fill calculations were done to not compress powder charge and determined 4.6 gr was max charge for 124 gr RMR FMJ at 1.135" OAL before powder compression - https://www.thehighroad.org/index.p...er-target-published-load-data-for-9mm.870180/

You appear to have done all the depth of field testing I was hoping to accomplish with 38/357
I had to do something from going crazy during 29 years of marriage and wife always said I came out of the reloading room and back from the range happier ... So she let me pursue shooting/reloading along with offroad 4wheeling, quad dune riding and family camping all over the place ... Good times.

And for retirement, she regularly reminds me of when I last went shooting and suggests, "Isn't it time for another range trip?" when I am overworked and passing out on the couch doing "Honey Do" tasks on her never ending "To Do" list. I am building her THIRD 12'x6' chicken house/tractor and last one was monster 24'x8' ... There are reasons why I shot over 40,000 rounds of around 30 brands/weights/lots of 22LR since retirement and doing endless "myth busting" :p - https://www.thehighroad.org/index.p...endence-from-work.853305/page-5#post-11672875
 
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