AMENDMENT II
A well regulated militia,
being necessary to the security of a free state,
the right of the people to keep and bear arms,
shall not be infringed.
Also commonly rendered as:
A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state,
the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.
The text of the Constitution refers to capital-"S" States and capitalized United States as having Powers and Authorities. Never in the Constitution does a State or the United States have a Right. In the Constitution, people have rights and privileges; governments have powers and authorities.
The text of the 2A refers to "a free state" in the general sense, not in reference to the State governments that form the United States. If 2A were intended to restrict arms to the militias of the States, it would have read "the power and authority of the State militia to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed".
The security of a free state is best defended by a volunteer force drawn from the people familiar with use of arms; therefore, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed; this right is not exclusive to militia service, and shall not be construed to deny or disparage other lawful possession or use of arms by the people.
The best defense of a free state is a volunteer military sworn to support and defend the Constitution and the principle that nations exist to support the rights of their people to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness; that professional or mercenary militaries that are loyal to a person, party or faction are destructive of freedom. An unfree state deserves no security, and the people have the right to alter or overthrow an unfree state, by force if necessary.
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My take on 2A RKBA is colored by the Tennessee constitution RKBA, Attorney General opinions, Supreme Court rulings, and acts of the Legislature, which have included repeal of useless laws.
To quote:
Tennessee State Constitution (1870) Section 26
"That the citizens of this State have a right to keep and to bear
arms for their common defense; but the Legislature shall have
power, by law, to regulate the wearing of arms with a view to
prevent crime."
My summary and paraphrase of various State opinions and rulings:
The primary interest of the state in preserving the right of citizens
to keep and bear arms lies in the efficiency of the people as
soldiers (citizens eligible to become militia). The right protected
by the provision applies only to arms that make up the usual arms
of the citizen of the country, and the use of which will properly
train and render the citizen efficient in defense of the citizen's
own liberties, as well as in defense of the state.
The regulation clause was not intended that the keeping or using
of such arms should be prohibited, but that the use thereof by
wearing, or carrying about the person, in public might be so
regulated by law as to prevent crime.
Carrying loaded guns and other weapons in public with intent to
go armed for offense is not legal; carry for defense is legal
only with a handgun carry permit issued by the state. The purpose
of banning "going armed" was to prevent crime; allowing licensed
carry is also viewed as regulating the wearing of arms with a
view to prevent crime.
The carrying arms ban lists a number of defenses. The application
of barring going armed is rather narrow and the law envisions
many situations when the carrying of a weapon does not violate
the statute. The goal is to prevent offensive crime, not to
ban guns, and this is consistent with Section 26 and the statutes.
The attorney general's opinion, State Supreme Court rulings, and
other court rulings have held that the prohibition on "going armed"
does not apply when the person is:
- carrying an unloaded, unconcealed gun
- transporting an unloaded, cased gun in a car trunk
- at home or at one's place of business for self-defense
- carrying in public with state permit for self-defense
- engaged in hunting or trapping
- defending livestock from predatory animals
- or engaged in other lawful activity involving guns.
In fact, Section 26 does not cover guns that might not have a
bearing solely on defense of the citizen or defense of the state, since
courts in Tennessee have recognized the lawfulness of hunting
and other sporting uses of firearms, as well antique collecting,
unconnected to use in self-defense or militia service.
For example, buying a handgun at an estate auction and taking it
home unloaded is a common lawful activity and does not result
in arrest even when LEO are present at the auction.