There are literally dozens of .22 Centerfire cartridges. A quick look through the Hodgdon manual finds (in order of increasing power):
.22 Hornet
.218 Bee
.222 Remington
.223 Remington
.222 Remington Magnum
.22 PPC
.22 BR Remington
.224 Weatherby Magnum
.219 Wasp
.225 Winchester
.22-250 Remington
.220 Swift
.220 Jaybird
.22 Chetah Mark II
This of course doesn't include many older cartridges (like the .22 Imp), or obscure wildcats -- nor does it include the new .22s developed on ultra-short-and-fat cases.
The .22 Winchester Magnum Rimfire is the most powerful .22 rimfire, no doubt about it.