My Big Bore Winchester 94 .450 Marlin Rifle-Shotgun

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Cosmoline

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Sometimes the rifle gods smile upon me. Usually they just point and laugh, but sometimes they give be a break. So it was with this recent acquisition. At base it's a unique Winchester Big Bore 94 from the pre-USRAC days. You may know these as the odd ball beefed up 1894's designed to shoot some mid-range brush cartridges with more oomph than the old .30-30. They were not a major success, perhaps because the 94 action could not handle the big rims of the ever popular .45-70. Instead they came in proprietary cartridges such as .307 and .358 Win.

Well back in the 80's gunsmith and writer John Traister decided to build a brush-busting levergun in the wildcat chambering of .458x2, which is just a .458 Win Mag elephant cartridge chopped back to levergun length and loaded with FN rounds at stout power levels. This was before Marlin's 1895 had taken off as the rifle of choice for such projects, so he opted for a Big Bore frame. A lot of smithing and an extra heavy custom barrel later he had produced this beauty:

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As you can see it's not a normal levergun. Aside from the chambering it accepts a Thompson-Center .45 choke so it can fire handmade shells loaded to about .410 power levels. It also shoots roundball very well from what Traister says, though I have not tried that yet. Here's some patterns at about fifteen yards:

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The rifle ended up in the hands of a local collector who subsequently had it rechambered to .450 Marlin--the successor to the .458x2. It's a finicky shooter but really likes Hornady 350's. This is a 50 yard group I got today after installing a new front sight:

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It's very well balanced and a notch lighter than a Guide Gun. It feels just like my Win 94 in .30-30. Except it recoils rather more stoutly, of course.
 
I got it for $600 including a bunch of rounds and dies. The thing had actually been sitting on gunbroker for several weeks before I noticed it and realized I knew the guy who was selling it. For reasons which remain obscure to me, late-model USRAC Winchesters are selling for a lot more than the higher-quality earlier Winchesters. You can get a pre-64 94 for less than one of the angle eject, toggle safety monstrosities the company came up with before its demise. And the Big Bores tend to languish, maybe because people don't understand them. Anyway their loss is my gain. I've always wanted a moose rifle that can also be used for squirrel or hare.

After reading Traister's account and looking at the inner workings, however, I can see why the BB's are rarely used for this sort of thing. The .458x2 completely filled up the action. It, and the .450, are the largest cartridges I can imagine ever fitting in the 94 action. To make it function Traister had to take a week carefully filing down the guts of the rifle little bit by little bit until the rounds cycled. It works, but there's no more room inside. The larger Marlin 1895 makes custom work a lot easier.

I am surprised that the "weak" 94 action can cope with these rounds. The big bores have additional steel around the back and some beefed up parts, but other than that they are the same as a .30-30. Yet this one has held up not just to my .450's but to some extremely hot .458x2's Traister shot out of it. The key is the super heavy barrel, I believe.

You also run into problems of mag tube slippage with the Winchester design. This one has been locked down hard with custom crafted barrel bands. The magazine doesn't slip, though the fore-stock slipped a fraction of an inch under the heaviest recoil with the tube loaded.
 
That's cool!

Funny thing is, just a few days ago I started wondering about adding a choke to my lowly Rossi '92 (in .454 Casull) to tighten up my home remedy shot shell loads.

Very nice acquisition!


-Matt
 
So...since it's been rebarreled, can you still fire the shot, or not?

J
 
The barrel included the shot adapter threads. The only thing that's been changed since is a rechambering to .450 Marlin, and I believe that only required some dimensional alterations as the .450 has a slightly different belt to prevent it from being chambered in .338's and the like. The barrel came from Ackley's shop according to Traister. It's much thicker than any barrel I've ever seen on a 94.
 
I do too! I've owned and tried out probably 100 long arms up here, but this is the best all-around Alaska packing rifle of them all. I can ride to the trail head, hike, ride to the range and ride back and barely know it's there. I would rank the BB 94 as superior to the Guide Gun in handling, though it does recoil a bit more. After using it I am convinced that the reason the Big Bore failed had everything to do with the weird cartridges that offered minimal advantage over existing rounds. Chambered to its full potential with a beefy barrel in .450, it really shines. It has the feel of a fast handling 94 but the punch of a much larger levergun.

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The new fugly sight. I probably cut too deep a dovetail but I didn't want it going anywhere.

FS1.jpg
 
What do ya do with the .410 plastic, glue it in the brass? I bet it would probably IMPROVE the pattern to have it shooting into an over size barrel, sorta like "back boring" a shotgun. The rifling probably doesn't help, but the choke is designed to stop the rotation and it works in the TC, I know this. :D
 
the 94 action could not handle the big rims of the ever popular .45-70. Instead they came in proprietary cartridges such as .307 and .358 Win.

I'm sure you meant to say .356 Win. ;)

Regarding the 94 carbine, I've always preferred the subtle handling differences of it over the equivalent Marlin. A very subjective difference indeed and impossible to define/defend empirically. I like your new acquisition a lot.
 
Very nice looking rifle you have there. Could you show a little more of the business end. I am interested in the choke. I would also be interested how you load those up. I always wanted to try that in my guide gun.

Is that Rabbit Creek your shooting at?

Thanks
Greebe
 
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