I like to browse the gun section of my reproduction copy of the 1897 Sears Roebuck & Co. catalog: good overview of popular cartridges in the transition from black powder to smokeless powder.
The 1897 catalog lists several cartridges presumed black powder unless specifically marked "smokeless".
sears catalog style note: no . before caliber in text, but . before caliber in illustrations.
Rimfires included:
22 BB cap, Conical Ball Cap, short, long, long rifle, extra long, and "special 22 caliber, for Winchester model '90, repeating rifle, 7 grains powder, 45 grains lead, per 50, 25c"
"25 caliber, for Stevens, Maynard and Winchester singleshot rifles",
"30 caliber, short", "30 caliber, long".
32 caliber in extra short, short, long and extra long.
38 caliber in short, long, extra long
41 caliber in short "for Remington Derringer pistol" and long version.
44 "Winchester, model '66, rim fire, 28 grains powder, 200 grain ball" labelled ".44 FLAT"
56-46 Spencer carbine labelled ".56 .46" and noticably bottlenecked
plus 56-50, 56-52, and 56-56 Spencer carbine too.
In centerfire they had a wide array of calibers:
38 caliber short, long and extra long. The short and long for Ballard rifles and Colt's revolvers, the extra long for Ballard rifles.
38 W.C.F. for Winchester model '73 and 38 cal Colt's for the new lightning magazine rifle. Both illustrations look lke .38-40 to me. Black powder loads with 40 grains powder, smokeless with 17 grains powder.
"45 Colt's" for the Colt's Army and D.A. revolvers.
30 Winchester smokeless, 30 grains powder, 160 grain metal patch bullet. The catalog carries Winchester Model 1894 rifles chambered for "30 caliber Winchester smokeless" and competing Marlin Model 1893 rifles chambered for "30-30 Smokeless caliber"
There is even a selection of pin-fire cartridges in 7 M-M, 9 M-M and 12 M-M.
I suspect the name "45 Long Colt" is a newer name for what was known in its day as "45 Colt" or "45 Colt's"