Well, I've long been a fan of the 270. I consider it to be the best all around cartridge that can reliably take all North American game (give or take a couple bears
) and with widely available ammunition. The 30-06 is just as versatile but I prefer lighter rifles and in an 8 lb rifle (including scope) the 30-06 just packs too much of a wallop for me to be comfortable with. There isn't much difference in measured recoil, but to my shoulder, the 270 seems to have less kick.
Real world trajectory, discounting using MilDots or making adjustments on the scope I'd consider the 270 to be about a 50 yard longer cartridge. The 130 Gr 270 bullet has about the same sectional density as the 165 Gr 308 bullet. This means that in general, they will have about the same penetration capabilities. Of course, you can easily go up to the 150 Gr 270 bullet and have more sectional density than any factory loaded 308 Winchester load that I'm aware of.
The 308 is a proven 1,000 yard cartridge, if not the ideal one. The 270 is used much less in that capacity for obvious reasons but I think it would be well capable of competing at that distance. of course, wind will be more of a problem with the 270. If you are a handloader, there are some excellent bullets available for the 308 for longer range shooting. The Lapua Scenar and the Hornady AMax both excellent bullets to start with. I don't buy into the inheirant accuracy school of thought. There is no reason the 270 wouldn't be as effective to any distance as the 308. Assuming you do everything you're supposed to, and the barrel is good and has a good crown and a decent chamber, as long as you hold the rifle the same way everytime, follow through, have the same sight picture and the bullet and powder weight don't vary, it will be an accurate rifle.
In my estimation, if you were going to do a bit of hunting with it, I'd give the edge to the 270. If you are set on the 600 or 1,000 yard shooting, I'd probably lean towards the 308. That being said, either would work just fine in either capacity.
My 700 ADL in 270 is surely my most versatile rifle and one of my favorites. I've been paying more attention to my 25-06 Ruger lately but that's because of a long adoration of that cartridge. Both guns have Weaver Grand Slam 3-10x40 scopes mounted and both are very capable rifles. I'm not one much to brag when I don't have targets to back it up but the 700 ADL has surpised more than one of my shooting buddies. The flimsy stock is only an issue if you twist the very end of the stock and I tend to either use a bipod or support the stock just forward of the location of the bullets if using an improvised rest. My reloading friend works me up a couple different loads - the Hornady 150 Gr SST for tougher game though I've never had this rifle hunting anything larger than coyote, and the 110 Gr VMax. They are very impressive on crow and coyote and I wouldn't hesitate to use them on up to medium-sized deer.