I taught SDM's to shoot 5.56 to 600m using an M4 with an ACOG. One guy though we should have used accurized AK's in the early days of SDM training since the army didn't want to buy us real rifles at that time.
The Iraqi's had the Tabuk. A modified RPK, an SDM rifle.
My buddy was killed by one of these rifles from a range of over 400m, and two other guys hit.
How far a round will go and how accurate it is at range and where it will land compared to another cartridge when fired at the same angle are three different things. The x39 will most definitely make it past 600m, and I bet some are built well enough to engage point targets at that range (though I bet they are few and expensive). For an area target, I'd have no problem opening up at 1000m with one.
FWIW, the manual for the SAW mentions firing the machinegun at an extreme angle using tracer rounds in order to hit targets behind cover. Like behind sandbags or in a trench. If you shoot directly at the target, you hit the cover. But if you shoot ridiculously high, you can arc the rounds in like mortar fire and hit the targets behind the cover. The rounds go several miles if I recall correctly, and it can be done but it is difficult. Also, the tracers burn out before they make it to the target, which leads me to believe not everything in the SAW manual was actually tested out beforehand. It works, they will go that far, but hitting the target is tremendously difficult this way.
BTW, there is a guy that took a bet on another site that he couldn't accurately hit a target at one mile with a 5.56. He did it. A 55gal. drum at one mile, a Savage rifle and a mediocre scope and he could consistently hit a target to a mile. He did it using cheap parts and home gunsmithing to prove it wasn't some scientific one-off experiment, ie, anyone can do it.
Most limitations on weapons have to do with the a combination of the shooter, the action type and type of weapon, calibre, etc., but in all instances, these limitations are conservative to take into consideration that the shot will reliably perform as stated. While most can outperform these parameters, some rifles, some shooters, some calibres cannot. Also, a trick shot isn't a "normal" shot, so rifles are typically limited in literature based on a few variables.
But a well trained shooter and one well versed in building accurized weapons, in addition to having other skills and mathematical prowess, is capable of significantly stretching the parameters.
Basically, if you read the manual and it says "X" and you have no questions or don't think to yourself, "hey, I can shoot farther/better than they say" then that book was meant for you and you should follow it. If you think, "BS, I can shoot this rifle 200m farther and more accurate" etc., then your advanced skills only highlight the fact these manuals are a one size fits all kept simple for simplicty's sake.
On the other hand, take a look at the BC of the x39. The BC of the x51 isn't that impressive compared to 6.5mm projectiles, the x39 would be even worse. So even though it can make it to 1000m, it probably won't be all that accurate or even all that fast. But it will make it.