In the AAES study area, population changes usually appear as long, slow, continuous declines in the number of adult birds over the course of a year (see Figure 1). Stated simply, for every 100 birds alive on November 1 of one year, only 20 will still be alive on November 1 the next fall. This translates into an 80% mortality rate, or what is referred to as an 80% “turnover rate.” The timing of this mortality is important. In the AAES study area, there appeared to be no single period with an unusually high mortality rate. This property averages carrying 60% of the birds through the end of the hunting season (February 28) and usually still has almost half the birds alive when nesting begins in late April. A “textbook” 20% of the fall population is still around the following fall. While this has long been considered a “normal” survival curve, recent research around the country has not backed this up. Auburn University's Albany Area Quail Management Project