No chart that I'm aware of.
Way to many variables.
Penetration is a result of a combination of things including, bullet shape, bullet construction, bullet weight, sectional density, or length for caliber, impact speed, and the type of medium impacted.
But in general, with soft point hunting type bullets, going up in caliber & bullet weight results in more penetration.
IE: A 180 grain 30-06 going 3,000 FPS will penetrate more then a 60 grain .223 going 3,000 FPS.
And a 500 grain .458 Mag will penetrate more then a 180 grain 30-06.
Or a 30-06 Armor Piercing bullet will penetrate more then a soft point.
rc