Does the cartridge stay on the bolt face when extracted or does it fall off into the action?
this is a pre 64 bolt face
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this is a Mauser
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See those shoulders opposite the claw extractor? They are critical for proper extraction. They should have a slight overhang over the rim. The extractor pushes the rim into these shoulders. That tension keeps the cartridge in place. So, the next question:
Has your bolt face been "trued" by a gunsmith?
Gunsmiths who you would think ought to know that the tension on the bolt face is critical to reliable extraction, often don't know. And when they "true the bolt face" they will square off the over hang and remove material from the shoulder with their cutting tool. The result is, there is not enough extractor tension on the rim, and the case falls off the bolt face.
Show some pictures of your bolt face and extractor. Put a cartridge on the bolt face and show us what you think is wrong. Lets see something that might give us a clue what is going on with your bolt.