Dialing in Percussion Cap Reliability

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gtrgy888

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This is a continuation of my first thoughts on optimizing and shooting a .36 1851 Uberti reproduction as a modern day trekking gun. In the current market, beggars can’t be choosers about cap brands and sizes. The only caps I found in stock were CCI #10’s and #11 magnums locally at a family owned sporting shop that struggles to get business. I bought these at a rate of one tin per week for 4 weeks until I went back to find none left. Powder has also been picked over. I could only find 777 at local retailers and ordered 4f Goex online with the hazmat fee (the last bottle of Goex for sale when I last checked). Anyway, this post will deal with some ideas about cap seating and gun tuning for maximum reliability.

My first range trip I used CCI #10’s seated by gentle thumb pressure. They were very tight, which I originally took to be a fault, but now consider to be ideal. 3/6 of them ignited per loaded cylinder, which soured my initial opinion of percussion shooting and seemed to verify the opinions of most modern shooters that these are unreliable weapons. Interestingly, no cap jams occurred, which I attributed to smoothing the hammer and frame edges.

Trip 2, I tested seating with a wooden dowel, which did not acceptably improve reliability. 4 or 5 out of 6 shots per cylinder detonated on the first strike, with 1 or 2 CLICKs per cylinder. I noticed on this trip, that second strikes were usually sufficient to ignite the missed caps. My wooden dowel also splintered under seating pressure.

On the 3rd trip, I tested seating using hammer pressure, which necessitated loading at the range by pointing in a safe direction and pressing hard with my thumb. This allowed for 3 full cylinders to be emptied without CLICKs, but began to strain and bruise my thumb tendon.

My current refined method uses the plastic lanyard hole in the grip of my screwdriver to torque on the hammer after gently seating. This allows a full grip with both hands to press with full strength. Using this method and CCI #10 caps, I have now fired 54 shots without a single CLICK. I’ve concluded that CCI #10’s are a very tight fit on Uberti cones and respond optimally to hard seating, which molds the caps around the cones leaving no gap and a watertight, uniform seal around each cone and makes them impossible to pull off with finger pressure alone (they require pliers if they fail to detonate, which only happened when I used lubed wads on top of powder for a month. I pulled the unpoppable cap off with pliers to see oil filled with powder dripping out the cone).

I also tested CCI #11 magnums, which were reliable when hammer seated, but required pinching to fit the cones and caused hammer bounce and cap jams to a much greater degree than the #10’s due to stronger detonation.

My current practice is to save the CCI #10’s for long term day to day carrying, since they cause almost no CLICK’s nor jams (95-99% reliability). I use the #11’s for target shooting, since I can live with malfunctions on the range much easier than in the field or to save my bacon. With the market in this condition, it’s a relief to train with a weapon that I can load at home using lead balls, powder, and caps. Next post will detail some destructive tests using the .36 1851 and what it might indicate about potential ballistic performance.
 
I'm enjoying this thread as I took on the same challenge this past fall. Have shot muzzleloaders for years however cap and ball revolvers have their own challenges. I have found that they are surprisingly accurate when everything works.
 
Check the hammer travel. Is it right up against the nipple. Not on it but just up to it? Put a piece of paper under the hammer face against the nipple. If it pulls out without any drag you may want to fit the hammer. My preference is some movement then tear the paper. I've read where some even put a thin shim washer under nipple to close the gap. The hammer can be better fitted but go slow.
You can also fit the nipple for the cap. Chuck it in a drill and hone the cone till caps fit solid.
 
Just from another perspective, maximum reliability being the target, worrying about forcing too small caps to factory nipples, I would fit the nipples to the caps that are available to you (skeeter is right!). It shouldn't matter what you push the caps on with. Typically, REM. 10's and CCI 11's are interchangeable on the nipples they fit. The Rems, are the easiest to pop, CCI's the hardest. Once you get a nipple/cap combination, for maximum reliability you need to have hammer face /nipple contact. For CAS shooting, this is standard setup for max reliability. Next, the mainspring should be lightened to a manageable (gotta take care of the sore tendon) weight. Why, because you dont want to HAMMER the nipples to the point of deforming (no, no dry fire setup here!!). Since you want max reli. the setup is correct and protecting the setup is max priority. Of course, the arbor length will also need to be taken care of . . . and there's a ton of stuff to do inside so the "factory" action doesn't self-destruct!!

Mike
 
Remington # 10 is the premium cap. Rarely a misfire. If using a substitute, pre-charge the
cylinder with real BP ffffg 2-5 grains and load your substitute over that. Reduce your
charge of substitute by 5 grains. Using this pre-charge method for years now, I can
shoot any powder that ordinarily requires a 209 primer with just my #10. Pre-charge
your rifle with 5-10 grains ffffg and reduce main charge accordingly. Remington caps
are scarce but hopefully will be back soon.
 
I have found that if the nipple diameter is reduced to .160 to .165 both Remington and CCI #11 caps fit with light pressure and will not fall off. CCI caps are the only ones available in my area.
 
Check the hammer travel. Is it right up against the nipple. Not on it but just up to it? Put a piece of paper under the hammer face against the nipple. If it pulls out without any drag you may want to fit the hammer. My preference is some movement then tear the paper. I've read where some even put a thin shim washer under nipple to close the gap. The hammer can be better fitted but go slow.
You can also fit the nipple for the cap. Chuck it in a drill and hone the cone till caps fit solid.

Thanks for the advice. The hammer is optimally distant. It contacts the cap, and nearly touches the unloaded cone with just a hair of gap. The arbor distance is an ongoing headache I’m having looked at by a gunsmith right now. If they can’t or won’t mess with the arbor length, I won’t attempt it either since a gun that works suboptimally but reliably beats one that I permanently screw up tinkering with tolerances I’m not equipped to fix. I should underscore that with #10 CCI’s and hard seating, I’ve effectively made ignition 99% reliable. Can’t remember the last CLICK in many months with #10’s. They’ll work if you ensure they are fit to the cones with hammer pressure. No CA group would ever allow such a thing, but then again, they don’t allow grip forward drawing either, and I find both of those things to be optimal for carrying and using this type of weapon historically or any time. I still load 5, but I’m also running out of logical reasons to do that too. I can’t conceive of a situation on trail or around home where the gun in a tight holster will ever be jarred badly enough to rotate the cylinder onto a cap, shearing off a steel pin in the process. And if I draw and cock the hammer, a cap is exposed on the right side anyway, so there goes the drop safety argument. I know more than one person who criticize loading 6 but see nothing wrong with carrying a 1911 in condition 1 with no firing pin block installed to reduce trigger weight. I guess those 1911 connoisseurs I know are just luckier, since they never seem to have negligent discharges even after several decades carrying a single action with the hammer resting on a thin sear above an exposed firing pin. I’ll keep grudgingly loading 5 until I fully stop giving a hoot one of these years. Probably after the kids are away at college.
 
Well, I can appreciate the confession about the arbor fix but that is what maintains a designated barrel/cyl clearance. That also means that's what gives you a repeatable setup each time you assemble the revolver. The "optimal hammer distance" won't be the same as wear happens to the tapered section of the arbor (Uberti's feeble attempt at an arbor fix). This will "self clearance over time or maybe you won't have the wedge in just right (right is driven in till it stops) and allow the cylinder to ride forward which will be the end of optimum hammer dist. - there goes reliability . . . Maybe you can can explain to your gunsmith how important that fix is to your open top revolver. It's an easy fix and probably something you could do.

Mike
 
Want fewer problems? Get a Remington. Notch the basepin and use a good lube and it’ll run a lot smoother and more reliably than the Colt’s.
 
Well, I can appreciate the confession about the arbor fix but that is what maintains a designated barrel/cyl clearance. That also means that's what gives you a repeatable setup each time you assemble the revolver. The "optimal hammer distance" won't be the same as wear happens to the tapered section of the arbor (Uberti's feeble attempt at an arbor fix). This will "self clearance over time or maybe you won't have the wedge in just right (right is driven in till it stops) and allow the cylinder to ride forward which will be the end of optimum hammer dist. - there goes reliability . . . Maybe you can can explain to your gunsmith how important that fix is to your open top revolver. It's an easy fix and probably something you could do.

Mike

I’d bet that’s the current reason for the arbor work taking forever. Given more years and more annoyance, I probably will muster up the motivation to invest in a good drill and vice set up so I can just fix the length myself with future open tops. This really is the perfect hobby for DIY tinkering. There’s hundreds of little fixes the manufacturers were nice enough to leave for us.
 
The arbor length is easy to do. Just a good thick washer or 2 in the bottom of the arbor hole that will keep the barrel from binding the cylinder with the wedge in tight is all you need.

The Remington revolver is a good platform but your '51 open top is stronger. If they took the time to build them (ot) right, they wouldn't be as affordable.

Mike
 
I’d bet that’s the current reason for the arbor work taking forever. Given more years and more annoyance, I probably will muster up the motivation to invest in a good drill and vice set up so I can just fix the length myself with future open tops.

The arbor length is easy to do. Just a good thick washer or 2 in the bottom of the arbor hole that will keep the barrel from binding the cylinder with the wedge in tight is all you need.

The Remington revolver is a good platform but your '51 open top is stronger. If they took the time to build them right, they wouldn't be as affordable.

Mike

One does not need those tools to fix the problem. A supply of .002" shim washers that fit the arbor recess diameter will get you right at a gnat's tush insofar as fit.

Mike, for a guy that is very precise most all of the time, " a good thick washer or 2 " will only exasperate the guy. :confused:

Regards,

Jim
 
The arbor length is easy to do. Just a good thick washer or 2 in the bottom of the arbor hole that will keep the barrel from binding the cylinder with the wedge in tight is all you need.

The Remington revolver is a good platform but your '51 open top is stronger. If they took the time to build them (ot) right, they wouldn't be as affordable.

Mike
My old eyes prevent me from doing a search so, if I may ask. How do we know when we've have reached the right number of washers? :)
 
Remove the wedge, remove the barrel. Put the barrel on the arbor at 90* from normal and move it to the frame. If the barrel lug is beyond the frame (toward the cylinder), you need to shim the arbor recess until the barrel lug is flush with the frame. When that is done, you need to make sure there is a minimum barrel/cylinder gap (I like .002" to .004").

You are only getting started.

Download and read the .pdf files from this site, no matter if you have a Pietta or Uberti.

PettiFogger_Files directory listing (archive.org)

That will keep you busy for a while.

Regards,

Jim
 
Remove the wedge, remove the barrel. Put the barrel on the arbor at 90* from normal and move it to the frame. If the barrel lug is beyond the frame (toward the cylinder), you need to shim the arbor recess until the barrel lug is flush with the frame. When that is done, you need to make sure there is a minimum barrel/cylinder gap (I like .002" to .004").

You are only getting started.

Download and read the .pdf files from this site, no matter if you have a Pietta or Uberti.

PettiFogger_Files directory listing (archive.org)

That will keep you busy for a while.

Regards,

Jim
Used to work before Uberti went to their "tapered arbor"
 
This is a continuation of my first thoughts on optimizing and shooting a .36 1851 Uberti reproduction as a modern day trekking gun. In the current market, beggars can’t be choosers about cap brands and sizes. The only caps I found in stock were CCI #10’s and #11 magnums locally at a family owned sporting shop that struggles to get business. I bought these at a rate of one tin per week for 4 weeks until I went back to find none left. Powder has also been picked over. I could only find 777 at local retailers and ordered 4f Goex online with the hazmat fee (the last bottle of Goex for sale when I last checked). Anyway, this post will deal with some ideas about cap seating and gun tuning for maximum reliability.

My first range trip I used CCI #10’s seated by gentle thumb pressure. They were very tight, which I originally took to be a fault, but now consider to be ideal. 3/6 of them ignited per loaded cylinder, which soured my initial opinion of percussion shooting and seemed to verify the opinions of most modern shooters that these are unreliable weapons. Interestingly, no cap jams occurred, which I attributed to smoothing the hammer and frame edges.

Trip 2, I tested seating with a wooden dowel, which did not acceptably improve reliability. 4 or 5 out of 6 shots per cylinder detonated on the first strike, with 1 or 2 CLICKs per cylinder. I noticed on this trip, that second strikes were usually sufficient to ignite the missed caps. My wooden dowel also splintered under seating pressure.

On the 3rd trip, I tested seating using hammer pressure, which necessitated loading at the range by pointing in a safe direction and pressing hard with my thumb. This allowed for 3 full cylinders to be emptied without CLICKs, but began to strain and bruise my thumb tendon.

My current refined method uses the plastic lanyard hole in the grip of my screwdriver to torque on the hammer after gently seating. This allows a full grip with both hands to press with full strength. Using this method and CCI #10 caps, I have now fired 54 shots without a single CLICK. I’ve concluded that CCI #10’s are a very tight fit on Uberti cones and respond optimally to hard seating, which molds the caps around the cones leaving no gap and a watertight, uniform seal around each cone and makes them impossible to pull off with finger pressure alone (they require pliers if they fail to detonate, which only happened when I used lubed wads on top of powder for a month. I pulled the unpoppable cap off with pliers to see oil filled with powder dripping out the cone).

I also tested CCI #11 magnums, which were reliable when hammer seated, but required pinching to fit the cones and caused hammer bounce and cap jams to a much greater degree than the #10’s due to stronger detonation.

My current practice is to save the CCI #10’s for long term day to day carrying, since they cause almost no CLICK’s nor jams (95-99% reliability). I use the #11’s for target shooting, since I can live with malfunctions on the range much easier than in the field or to save my bacon. With the market in this condition, it’s a relief to train with a weapon that I can load at home using lead balls, powder, and caps. Next post will detail some destructive tests using the .36 1851 and what it might indicate about potential ballistic performance.
I am not a fan of the cap seating methods you describe... at all. If you have only two kinds of caps available to you then perhaps two sets of nipples with the cones fitted (via drill motor and file treatment) for each of the cap types you have. I’ve been using Remington 10’s for many years now and all of these Colts have cones which fit the caps. I mean fit. They slide on with hardly any pressure at all, stay put through any kind of activity, they’re nearly 100% waterproof in place, and they don’t fall into the works when fired. That’s how it’s supposed to function, as Sam Colt intended... Sticks and using screwdriver handles as levers against the hammer is much less than ideal.

WRT substitute powders, I’m currently experimenting with T7 and I’ve used Pyrodex in the past. Never had to add a kicker of black powder as some suggest, They light off just fine, with no hesitation, and they’re slightly more powerful than GOEX 3f black powder, but neck and neck with Swiss.
 
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Hi Expat, Uberti has decided that tapering the arbor so it's an interference fit in the barrel lug is the right way to fix the short arbor problem. Seen several like that recently. Makes it a real pain to separate the 2 pieces.
 
Enlighten me, please.


Ok, 44 Dave and Jackrabbit 1957 are correct, the 90° thing doesn't work. The "for sure" way is to drop a thin washer into the arbor hole and assemble the revolver. If it's anything but a late model Pietta (starting around 2011 or so ? . . .), you'll be able to . . . proof that the arbor is short.

If you'll keep adding thin or thick washers you'll eventually have slightly too much of a "shim stack". At that point, you can thin one down gradually untill the thickness is correct for the barrel lug to contact the frame (at the alignment pins) and still have a relatively decent barrel /cyl clearance with no binding of the cylinder when the wedge is driven in. That's a way of correcting the short arbor problem.

Better would be to get your shim stack done and then measure that stack and make a single piece spacer to replace the stack ( maybe part of an appropriate sized drill bit). You can use an epoxy to hold the spacer in the arbor hole so you won't have to keep up with it every time you disassemble the revolver.

So, there ya go . . . easy enough for a good fix with no special machines.

Mike
 
Ok, 44 Dave and Jackrabbit 1957 are correct, the 90° thing doesn't work. The "for sure" way is to drop a thin washer into the arbor hole and assemble the revolver. If it's anything but a late model Pietta (starting around 2011 or so ? . . .), you'll be able to . . . proof that the arbor is short.

If you'll keep adding thin or thick washers you'll eventually have slightly too much of a "shim stack". At that point, you can thin one down gradually untill the thickness is correct for the barrel lug to contact the frame (at the alignment pins) and still have a relatively decent barrel /cyl clearance with no binding of the cylinder when the wedge is driven in. That's a way of correcting the short arbor problem.

Better would be to get your shim stack done and then measure that stack and make a single piece spacer to replace the stack ( maybe part of an appropriate sized drill bit). You can use an epoxy to hold the spacer in the arbor hole so you won't have to keep up with it every time you disassemble the revolver.

So, there ya go . . . easy enough for a good fix with no special machines.

Mike
BS it doesn't work.
 
BS it doesn't work.



Wow! Ok. Not my job to convince you. BS is pretty strong and just for everyone else, Pietta corrected this problem 10 yrs or so ago. All the other reproductions of O.T.'S from any other manufacturers have been short. The original Colts (obviously) were made correctly.

Mike
 
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