The ham radio exams are a snap to pass. It wasn't always this way, but it is now. I became so bitter about this that I quit the hobby. I sold all my gear and have no further interest in it. The only thing you need to study is the question pool. For those not familiar, the exact questions and the exact answers are given to you. You can find them on-line or in a book. The only challange at all is that you study the whole question pool and they only ask so many questions. In other words you have all the questions and answers, you just don't know which ones are going to be asked. The test questions have to be worded exactly as they are in the question pool.
A buddy of mine wanted to get his tech so he could use a VHF handheld while hang gliding. He bought the book on Friday on the way home from work. By noon Saturday he was a licensed ham.
As far as gear, any of the manufacturers that you mention produce great gear. You can't go wrong with any of it. When I was active in the hobby, there was virtually no gear that was junk. Some stuff had more bells and whistles, but it was all very good. I personally would not buy gear locally because I don't want to pay the sales tax. But, it would probably be a good idea for someone that is new to the hobby to buy it locally so you have someone to show you how everything works and someone you can ask questions of.
As I understand it, it is now possible to buy a single radio that does practically everything. Again, I haven't kept up with the hobby but I believe you can buy a single transceiver that goes from the 160 meter band (maybe even the AM broadcast band) all the way through VHF and possibly UHF. With a little modification you can make the radio transmit on all these frequencies also providing you have a suitable antenna. This means that you could talk to other hams, CB radios, basically any radio out there. Now this isn't legal, but in a SHTF senario, it might come in handy.
Anyone can buy ham radio gear, you don't need any credentials. Radio Shack used to sell VHF and UHF ham gear. I saw VHF and UHF ham gear for sale at Fry's electronics the other day.