Question is what does it do?
Good question. I don't think anybody knows for sure.
It may do nothing at all and just get blown into the case to no ill effect.
It may prevent ignition of powder causing a hangfire or misfire. I think this is unlikely, but with hunting ammo, match ammo, or anything I might end up using for self defense, that is a risk I don't want to take. Misfires are annoying, but hangfires are dangerous.
Most likely is that it slightly changes the flow of the primer gasses and alter the consistency of ignition, changing velocity and affecting accuracy. It might act like a flash hole burr in this respect.
You would have to compare a batch with blocked holes to one without in an accurate rifle and a controlled setting to figure it out. It's easier for me to just poke them out of the hole with a $20 die than to do the experiment.
What happens when H110 flows into the flash hole and primer of a case?
Another good question. As long as it isn't stuck in there it just gets blown back into the case. There is probably always some powder in the flash hole.
I did have a batch of 30-06 rounds with some extreme hangfires up to 90 seconds. I pulled the remaining rounds apart and all that I could find in a few of the cases were some 4895 powder granules wedged firmly in the flash hole.
I think this was from vibratory tumbling the loaded rounds to clean off the lube.
My hypothesis is that they caused a misfire, but the stuck grains closest to the primers lit and acted like a fuse. Once the main charge got lit...bang!
No way to prove this, but the powder was dry, primers were reused, and other than that batch, no other issues arose from the rest of the powder or primers from the same bottle/box.
-J.