I disagree with Jeff Cooper

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Goon,

You comment on one thing and bring up another - both good.

1. Fatigue. If using a proper standing position that one has practiced adequately and often, fatigue will not be an issue. (This is based on the extreme example that I'm most familiar with - using a 12-14 pound rifle to shoot 40-80 shots in 1-2 hours. It applies even more when taking only a few shots, or even one shot. Fatigue means you're not doing it correctly, or you've not practice much, or both.)

2. Holding too long (aka "over hold"). You should take the shot when your movement is even and centered on the target - so long as you still have a proper trigger squeeze and follow through. Trying to be too aggressive on the moving sight picture often yields a poor (or nonexistant) trigger squeeze, a bad follow through, or both.

Thus the answer, as always, is to practice the correct fundamentals, and to practice them over and over and over.......just remember, it's fun!

Many of the band aid approaches are merely a short term effort to fix a long term problem. While they may help in the short run, the true answer lies in the fundamentals mastered.

Lovely thread!
 
OK, now I will demonstrate more of my ignorance.

How DOES one "properly use" a sling?

Does one begin with a sling which is slack enough so that one can carry the rifle over the shoulder (typical military carry)? Or tight?

ETc., Etc.
 
Atlas said it--

All of that said, I think the essence is that IF (big "if" here) you are doing things correctly, then a sling will not help in offhand/standing.


This probably explains the entire situation. The fact that using the hasty sling helps me may very well mean my technique is wrong. I definitely need to take a practical rifle course from somebody who knows what they're doing...

ninenot, I do believe you'll find the answers you seek (with accompanying illustrations) in Jeff Cooper's "The Art of the Rifle." In this case, I do believe a picture is worth a thousand words.

This is the most informative/practical thread I've seen in a while!

shoot straight
 
OK, now I will demonstrate more of my ignorance.
How DOES one "properly use" a sling?
Does one begin with a sling which is slack enough so that one can carry the rifle over the shoulder (typical military carry)? Or tight?



First off, you use the sling by:
1. Hold the rifle with your firing hand where it belongs,
2. Stick your other arm through the loop that is made by the sling hanging down from the rifle and reach through until the sling is behind your elbow.
3. Run your hand around the sling again, then grab the forearm.

The sling will now be wrapped around your are behind the elbow, and again near your hand.
Then you shoulder the rifle. You should be able to hold the rifle comfortably, but you should sort of have to wedge it in against your shoulder.
That is how I have always done it and it does work for me in most cases.
It is like anything else. It is just a tool to help you make the shot.
After you try it, you will figure out how to adjust your sling.
 
Goon does a good job of describing how to implement a hasty sling approach utilizing a general carry type sling/strap. This is what most rifles have, particularly hunting set ups.

However, the real problem is that such a sling is never better than mediocre when trying for true sling support. For a properly supported rifle, you need these things:

1. The knowledge of the position that you are in (not as common as it ought to be - not by a long shot)
2. A sling set up for such support
3. An understanding of how to make 1 and 2 work together.

Let's assume that you've learned #1 (again, sadly many have not - we need more position rifle shooters, especially juniors - that's THE BEST place to learn). Then you need a good sling. International/Olympic style slings do the best job, but they do no other job well and are useful only on a target range. The more common 1907 type sling used often in high power can do good use for targets and carry, but is a bit slow to get into in the field. The web (or nylon) military slings can be OK, but should be unhooked for shooting positions and then hooked back to the rifle for carry (plus they have a noisy metal hook - bad for the bush). For field carry and quick slinging up, the Ching Sling is impossible to beat, IMHO. Cooper has written extensively on these, and inventor Eric Ching posts on this board from time to time).

Anything else is just a carry strap.

Thus, my recommendations:

- for the shooter with a M1A or Garand or the like, use a 1907 sling (try the new synthetic one from Turner Saddlery for all weather aspects) an alternative being the web sling if not going in the bush much

- for a shooter with a bolt gun, use the Ching Sling (again, unless the only use is range work, then 1907 can suffice)

- if you're shooting an AR, well, just a carry strap (or team sling*). Unless you have a match oriented forend that floats the bbl. a good tight sling will likely flex the bbl. and string shots around (not my experience, based on others as I do not own an AR)

- if you don't know how to get in a correct position.....hmm...get involved with a local junior program (if one does not exist, call the NRA for help and then START ONE), volunteer your time, learn what the good coaches do to get folks in position, read up on it, then try it yourself. NEVER assume that you have it right unless you've tried some path such as this. I've seen people try to get into kneeling using THE WRONG KNEE.......horrible image.

Again, all in my humble (but somewhat informed) opinion,


* This makes no mention of the carbine influenced Team Sling setup, as it is very difficult for these to offer any true sling support. I keep trying to get this to work, but I've not found a satisfactory method - yet.
 
Apples and oranges - target shooting and hunting.

It would be very nice if while in the field we always had level ground (without intervening underbrush), or a convenient tree to use as a rest.
It would be even nicer if we could cover mountainous, wet, rocky, slippery, uneven terrain without the use of our hands - that way we could keep ourselves wrapped up in the sling "properly" and ready to shoot at all times. Or, maybe we could just educate game to delay their departure so we could assume the proper positions...

Sorry for the sarcasm, but anyone who has hunted outside of a flatland game farm or tree stand knows that the only proper place for your rifle is on your shoulder. That being the case, you will at times find the need to assume a fast position for a standing shot when the game and the terrain conspire against you.

If you can't shoot well unsupported (or better, with a "hasty sling"), then you should practice until you can or be prepared to pass up many of the hunting shots you'll get.

And by "shooting well" I mean quickly and consistently hit a pie plate at 100 yards from a standing position. You don't have to put a cloverleaf on the "X" to put a round through a deer or elks ribs at normal hunting ranges.


Keith
 
Keith,

You may be a bit quick to nitpick here. The question originally posed did not make mention of hunting or target use. My response consequently covered both. I pointed out what works best in the field and what works best on the range (IMO). Or at least I attempted to. I reread my post and didn't notice and Orapples or Apanges.

I will stand by everything that I said. I also may have to disagree with one statement that you made, depending upon exactly what you meant by it: "anyone who has hunted outside of a flatland game farm or tree stand knows that the only proper place for your rifle is on your shoulder." Unless I'm really missing your point, this is wrong. I don't know anyone who walks around with the rifle in their shoulder. If you're stalking, the butt of the rifle should be on your hip, the muzzle at eye level, and your eyes scan with the muzzle. The rifle IN your shoulder either blocks the view of the game, the ground, or both, thus it's dangerous and counterproductive.

If, however, you meant that the rifle should be slung ON your shoulder while moving across larger areas, then I generally agree. I'll have mine in a Ching Sling African carry style. I'm really not sure what you meant here, thus my dual responses.

I do, however, wholeheartedly agree with another statement of yours (well, except with perhaps the hasty sling part depending upon what you meant by it):

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"If you can't shoot well unsupported (or better, with a "hasty sling"), then you should practice until you can or be prepared to pass up many of the hunting shots you'll get.

And by "shooting well" I mean quickly and consistently hit a pie plate at 100 yards from a standing position. You don't have to put a cloverleaf on the "X" to put a round through a deer or elks ribs at normal hunting ranges."
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I would only add that this is in addition to knowing how to shoot out of positions, not instead of such knowledge. IMHO, the main reason that folks miss in the field is that they try to shoot unsupported in a manner above their abilities. Sadder yet, few ever even try to get into a supported position, which would often alleviate the need of such skill in an unsupported mode.

I of course recommend that all be skilled in both supported and unsupported positions. My contention is that many who should know better are woefully lacking in knowledge and practice of supported positions. They DO have their place in the field, but they are not the ONLY skill needed in the field. Like the martial artists say, you should sharpen the full length of your blade. That's what I've tried to do, and what I encourage others to do.
 
It was manditory to use a hasty sling on the KD course in the Corps.

It works, using isometric tention. It steadys the rifle by locking your support arm in place.

It works! I have shot with and without the sling and can vouch for its advantage.
 
I meant "hanging from" your shoulder by a sling, so that your hands are free to help you climb, maintain your balance, etc. If you try and make your way across most good hunting terrain clutching your rifle in your hands, you are likely to be found at the bottom of a ravine with a broken neck. If you're hunting the edge of corn fields in the midwest (or whatever), that may not apply.

In the real world, a slings primary purpose is to allow you to carry your rifle without breaking your neck in the awful terrain that most North American big game seems to favor.

After reading all this, I'm not really sure I know what a "hasty sling" is. What I call (perhaps wrongly) a hasty sling is just a standard sporting sling adjusted so that you can push your left elbow out against it to help steady the rifle. In most cases that just means adjusting it a bit tighter than your normally would, and then practicing from that position. If that isn't a "hasty sling" then I don't want one.

I hunted with some guy a few years ago who had some bizarre modern sling that held his rifle across his chest. And from that position he could pull it up to his shoulder and get a lot of support. It worked I guess, but every time I turned around his rifle seemed to be covering my mid-section. Don't know what that one is called, but I don't want one and won't hunt with anyone using one.

And my reply was more general in nature, rather than to your post alone. There's a number of statements in this thread about how one must always assume the proper position, or that any impromptu method of using a standard sling is unhelpful in steadying the rifle, etc. And that's just not true. The standard sporting rifle sling, if adjusted properly to the shooter, can be used for both hanging the rifle on your shoulder and as a pretty decent support for offhand shooting.

I have an awful lot of respect for Mr. Cooper, but in this case methinks he has spent a lot more time being led around by a guide on the plains of Africa, than creeping through the thick stuff or climbing up the mountains where the rest of us hunt. And I think some of the people on this board are trying to apply target shooting rules to hunting...
I point out again that the rib cage of a big game animal is a pretty large target. You don't have to shoot the animals eye out, you only have to punch a bullet through its ribs. And in most cases, the encounter will be a surprise, on unfavorable terrain, and he'll be moving... So, your best bet will be to practice shooting rapidly from improvised positions until you can hit a pie plate sized target consistently.
Being able to shoot a clover leaf from a prone, slung up position isn't going to help you out much because it will be odd circumstances indeed, when you'll be able to do that in the field.

Keith
 
Keith, what I've always called a hasty sling is where the sling is long enough for comfortable carry; you just run your arm through between the sling and stock and take a quick wrap as you bring your hand up to the forearm. Faster to do than to explain. :)

Now, if I jump a running buck, I don't bother. I just try to get the crosshairs far enough out front, and shoot.

Art
 
Keith,

Thanks for the clarifications. I see that we generally agree. I don't go out with a rifle that doesn't have a decent sling on it. For me, this is more often that not a Ching Sling as used on most scout rifles. I use it on ANY rifle that I can that will see field use. It's just that versatile, IMO.

If the rifle is not in my hands, it's slung African Carry with the Ching sling. That way I can go from carry to (sling supported) sitting/prone/rice paddy prone/kneeling within two seconds. The main reason that I can use this type of sling fairly well is because I was raised on target shooting positions. For me, it's a breeze to adapt these to the field via the Ching Sling. I wish that more would try it.

My main peeve is that folks seem to neglect ever using a sling supported position in the field when it OFTEN helps tremendously. I contend that this is mainly because so few folks know how to get into proper field positions (which are generally just modifications of target shooting positions learned on the range). Sitting is a great example. It is a VERY useful field position, but how many hunters can shoot from it? How many can even GET INTO it?

As to Cooper and his past, IIRC he was past age 50 before first going to Africa. If you read his books, you'll see that he spent plenty of time in his younger days humping rifles in the rockies, both in the US and Canada. Lots of other places too. This is where he realized the utility of shooting slings. The man simply does not spout off about things that he has not tried out extensively. Especially rifle things. He is a rifleman at heart, and he does not take rifle craft lightly. Nor do I. He is not perfect. Neither am I. I have thought him wrong in the past on several occasions. More study on my part showed him to be right MUCH more often that wrong.

This is just the opposite of most of the gun rag content of recent years. Thus I usually check things very carefully before declaring him "wrong" on something that can be objectively analyzed. Please do think, but think a lot before just trying to tear the man down (this is not a specific comment to Keith - just to all).

One thing that I will take issue with is the comment: "Being able to shoot a clover leaf from a prone, slung up position isn't going to help you out much because it will be odd circumstances indeed, when you'll be able to do that in the field."

Perhaps, but I'll contend that someone who can do this is more likely to be able to make good of any decent rest than someone who only shoots from a bench or completely unsupported. The reason is that he will understand how to use a sling well and take advantage of his position AND other supporting objects of opportunity. Someone without a working knowledge of supported sling positions simply won't be able to make much use of a sling in the field (for supporting shots that is).

Being able to hit from improvised positions is great and I'm glad that you practice it. The problem is the majority of folks who don't do that - I submit that the best way to make them capable is to teach them the basic range positions, show how they adapt to the field, and get them shooting that way. The result should be a more well rounded, capable rifleman (the above of course assumes equal woodsmanship and other outdoor skills - otherwise too many variables).

If you hunt only in thick brush snapshots will be of more value. If you hunt sheep in open mountain country supported positions will be of more value. Both are hard if not practiced. If we are going to be capable field riflemen, we need to master every type of shot that we will be offered. The supported sling positions are an essential part of this package. Be one with them, make them reflexive, practice them.

Also, the Plaster link from usmcmonty is a good starting point - it's just a bit brief. Also remember his perspective - sniping. Very, very different from someone roaming the bush, brush, or hardwoods after game.

Thanks for the good thoughts and stimulating discussion!
 
I like Jeff Cooper, he has made some great contributions to the firearms world.

Just the same, Jeff Cooper is not God.

I have found a few things to disagree with him on. One item for which Cooper has much affinity is the Steyr Scout. I belive this is quite possibly one of the worst designs to be marketed within my lifetime. Just my $.02!

Another item which turned me off was one of his paperback books which looked as though it may be a good medium length read. I don't recall the title anymore, but it was pure garbage and really came across as a scam. I tossed that "publication" in the trash shortly after removing the plastic magazine seal. I'm sure he duped alot of people into buying that piece of crap.
 
You notice that Cooper did exactly what you guys are doing. You read what he writes, analyze it, and decide for yourself what is good and what is bad.
To quote usmcmonty: "It was manditory to use a hasty sling on the KD course in the Corps."

Cooper was a Marine Corps. Officer. I am sure he was very familiar with the shooting positions and the use of the sling. I also know from reading his work that he has the greatest respect for the Marine Corps. But, he took from it what he could, analized it, and found what he thought was good and what was bad.

Like most of you, I have read most of Coopers books and even have taken classes at Gunsite. I even met Cooper personally. But I never considered him a god. But, one thing that I have figured out as I get older, experience counts for a lot. I don't know, but I am willing to bet that Cooper has spent a lot more time shooting than most of us. And I bet he figured out a thing or two along the way.
 
Just a hillbilly typing away from his trailier. You can't expect perfection. Maybe that was one of them there Freudian slips.
 
Cooper's a Good Read

Don't agree with his statement regarding ineffectiveness using slings when shooting from an unsupported position. I do it all the time because that's the way I was taught to shoot! Slings help in any shooting position - so does using "field expedient" rests whenever possible.;)

I'll bet the Col. has good things to say about the Ching Sling in contradiction to his above quoted statement - I seem to recall something in his writings. Oh well...;)
As for Col. Coopers' writings, he is an educated man and expresses his knowledge and myriad shooting experiences and researches with a style that is delightfully to the point. I enjoy his writings whether I agree with them or not. I can go out and shoot my Service Rifle standing with the full sling/jacket rig, I can shoot in the field with my boltaction (a featherweight, not a scout) using a hasty sling, and I can shoot the same rifle at a Running Deer competition and hit a moving target offhand at 100yds with no sling at all:p
I thing the Col. would agree that if you learn to shoot accurately, that accuracy transcends shooting aids.:neener:
 
Atlas,

Perhaps I didn't articulate my position very well. I'm saying that if you ONLY practice using a classic target shooting positions (or from a benchrest), you aren't likely to shoot well from improvised positions in the field.
If asked to bet on who would get their deer, I'd put my money on the man who can whack a pie plate offhand every time at 100 yards with a beat up old model 70 before I'd bet on the man who can print sub-moa groups with his 11 pound wunderschutzen (but who only practices from a bench or wrapped up in a classic rifle position).
I may be prejudiced since the grass is head high around here and trees are in short supply. If you can't stand up on your hind legs and shoot, you probably won't get your deer. Sometimes you can get into a good position and only a fool would pass that up, but the rest of the time...

Keith
 
Keith,

Your position is more clear now. Given the specific situations that you describe, I'd have to agree with you. However, I would like to clarify a thing or two.

You state: "Sometimes you can get into a good position and only a fool would pass that up, but the rest of the time..."

This is pretty much where I get on the soap box. It may be true that you, hunting in the high grass with few trees, never have the chance to get into any position other than offhand. Go for it and smack that pie plate. The BIG problem, IMHO, is that many others who do hunt in various terrain are just the fool that you describe above - someone who passes up getting into a good position. I contend that so few ever learn the positions that most don't know how to get into one in the first place. This is a major (but not the only by far) problem with poor field performance, wounded game, etc. The person who has learned good positions on the range can often translate those well in the woods (given proper gear, I'm not talking about him taking a target gun into the field). I do agree that the guy who only shoots from the bench should stay the hell out of the woods and make the world a safer place. Those guys scare me.

As an anecdotal case, I know this fellow extremely well. His background was that of a target rifle shooter, yet he hunted, plinked, and had good wood sense. He set himself up with a Steyr Scout and went to Practical Rifle School with Jeff Cooper out at the Whittington Center in NM (during the prior bad owner stage at Gunsite). He had never used the Ching Sling in the field before, only trees, hasty sling, etc.

During the course, the participants were taken through many scenarios. They had snapshots (25 yd. head shots, 50 yd. body shots in 1.5 seconds), long shots (400 plus yds. on reactive steel), a game walk simulating hunting, timed drills (The Rifle Ten, The Rifle Bounce, other such drills), shot airborne clays, and practiced prone, sitting, kneeling, rice paddy prone, standing, offhand, leaning against a pole, etc. These were done both on ranges and in open territory as applicable.

Basically, this fellow was able to quickly fall into every position and scenario given due to his familiarity with target range positions. Many (most) of the other folks in the class struggled mightily with the new concepts. The fact that this guy had good position fundamentals and good techniques that he learned target shooting (trigger squeeze, follow through, breath control, relaxed positions, etc.) gave him an edge up.

Thus this person, who had the vast majority of his work in classic target shooting positions, was the pupil who adapted faster than most of his peers. This allowed him to refine technique and excel while others struggled with the basics. As they say, excellence is the basics mastered.

Due to this and other such observations, I still say the the best, the fastest, and them most complete way to make a competent field rifleman is to first make the person a competent position rifle shooter. This is the crucible where the necessary skills will be honed. Then add in snap shots, rests of opportunity, and offhand (he already knows standing). Now you've got the complete package, with the best fundamentals, the fewest problems, and the least expenditure of time.

I'm always open to other ideas, but so far this method is the most effective and efficient one that I've seen to equip one with the necessary skills to adapt ANYWHERE one might carry a rifle.

Keith, you seem to be doing very well in your environment. More power to you, I'm sure that you are quite capable there. My comments are addressed at the masses, which is where our problem lies. The original thread, while a small example of the problem, illustrates that we think in too narrow a view, primarily based on what we were taught FIRST. Often, unfortunately, what we are taught first is not correct (especially in these days when skill with a rifle is no longer looked at as a basic tenet of manhood). We must remain open minded, and we must seek what works best. That is the reason that I've spent so much energy on this thread. So many people make life unnecessarily hard for themselves because they won't recognize that a way better than theirs exists. It's such an incredible waste. We don't have enough numbers to absorb such waste. The few good shooters that we have need to spread the word. I can't think of anyone who has done more of this than Jeff Cooper. I'm just trying to do my part to continue and expand that legacy and that effort.

We all owe such effort to our love - shooting. If we don't treat it right, it will surely wither on the vine.

What's the answer? IMHO, get more junior shooting programs going, starting with air rifle (shoot darn near anywhere, indoor, winter, etc.). Teach them three and four position rifle shooting. Teach them shooting fundamentals. Then expose them to more shooting outlets and foster their interests.

How can we do that if the teachers themselves don't value the fundamentals? This conundrum is the driving force behind my consternation. Please pardon me if I sound preachy on any of this. I do so because I consider it to be THE critical key to the survival of our shooting oriented lifestyle.

Gee, it all started with an arcane discussion of sling use in offhand and standing shooting.......

Thanks to you Keith, and others, for continuing to kick this thread back and forth. It is only through such discussion that we will come to the proper conclusions. I'm sure that even Jeff Cooper would agree with that!
 
Atlas, Keith, all...

Atlas' advice is good--get the young' uns involved in shooting now. They can only get better.

This is merely to remind you that the Boy Scouts HAVE a target-shooting badge and the Scouts are/should be instructed the sitting, kneeling, prone, and standing positions with their rifle (pretty close to Army BCT styles, I think...)

So the Boy Scouts is another vehicle for getting kids involved--at least those of the male persuasion.
 
Boy scouts only so-so

Unfortunately, the Boy Scouts aren't doing much with marksmanship now. From those I discussed it with locally, the merit badge only needs a small bit of shooting, I _think_ all of it over sandbags (or can be). I know two Eagle Scouts and they both said it was next to nothing (however, both are position rifle shooters on their own).

That said, anything that gets the youth going is good. Just don't expect the Boy Scout merit badge to teach them positions or carry them very far.

The best game in town by far are the NRA programs. Their are also air rifle activities through the National Guard, the CMP, the Jaycees, etc.

Find one, help out, talk to local gun clubs, help out, do whatever you can.
 
Without having had any formal training, I'm struggling to keep up with some of this thread. I can shoot small groups from the bench just fine but realize I need to expand my skills to really become a rifleman and enjoy all that it has to offer. I recently picked up a 1907 sling and went here to find out how to adjust it and shoot using a sling. Looks good so far!

Thanks for the great posts.
 
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