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I was under the impression that you should not load these to go over 1000fps but I see several recipes that have them going 1200-1400fps? How many "fps" can you safely load a lead bullet?
I don't know, but I can add some uninformed trivia that doesn't really answer the question.
As I understand it, there's two ways to get a lead bullet to lead-up the bore. One is to not push it fast enough. In that case, the theory is that it doesn't obturate (seal itself to the bore), so you get blow-by. The hot gasses melt lead off the side of the bullet. You leading, "and how." This is more common with the hard-cast bullets.
The other is to push it too fast. I'm not sure what the mechanism is that causes leading when you push it too fast.
1200 to 1300 fps is really nice for shooting 240 to 250 grain hard commercial cast bullets -- no gas checks. I shoot them in my .45 blackhawk. I haven't run them up to 1400 enough to have any data there yet.
I also shoot soft lead bullets (half wheel weights and half scrap soft lead of unknown pedigree) lubed with Lee Liquid Alox at about 1050 to 1100 fps and get no leading at all.
Sure, as long as the bullets are the correct alloy, the correct size, and you use the correct bullet lube.
I'd suggest you get a copy of the Lyman cast bullet handbook and read all about it.
If you buy cast bullets at the store your milage may vary.
Many of them are too hard, or not hard enough, and the bullet lube is the cheapest thing they can find to put on them.
If you want to buy bullets that can go 1,200 - 1,400 without problems, give these a try. Expensive, but as good as you can make at home, if not better!
They have .44 bullets available in three sizes, .429" -.430" -.431".
You need to measure your Blackhawks cylinder throats and get bullets as close to that size as possible.
+1 what RCModel said. If you do a google on Los Angeles silhoutte club (LASC) and cast bullets there's a good writeup on alloy hardness, and pressure needed to make it obturate successfully. (PSI)
I regularly shoot plainbase 45-70 bullets at 1400-1500 fps using straight wheel weight alloy and LARS Carnuba Red lube. FWIW.
Lead bullets are made two ways. Swaged and Cast. The swaged are more accurate than cast, no air pockets in a swaged bullet. Swaged are used for target shooting at slow speeds as they are on the soft side because how they are made. Cast bullet of the proper alloy/lube can be pushed to 1400fps. After 1400 fps to around 2200fps a gas check on the back of the bullet is needed to prevent leading.
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