Not really, no.
In my world, the only ones carrying firearms on passenger planes would be those with a CCW/CHP that's valid both where they boarded and where they're getting off. I might be wrong, but it seems to me that the sort of terrorists that attacked America on 9-11-01 would not have been able to obtain such a permit.
There's no valid legal argument that I conjure against states being able to determine, by whatever method they choose, who can carry concealed. The wording of 2A doesn't say we have the right to go about with a hidden firearm, just a firearm. So a valid state-issued CCW/CHP seems a rational discriminator, just as we use our state-issued driver license for valid ID when checking in. Regarding constitutional carry, as with the vote, I presume a person would have to be a US citizen to enjoy such a right, a qualification that would have also screened out the 9-11 hijackers.
Would it possible for a US citizen CCW holder gone bad to board a plane in my world? Yes, but our current processes can't screen out every possible risk either. And if this hypothetical US citizen terrorist with a CHP did go aboard armed, he'd have to be aware that there could be many others on board with guns as well. That's called deterrence, in case you're not familiar with the concept.