We used to sell the lead that accumulated in an outdoor range to a guy who made fishing weights out of all the scrap he melted. We had to pay a fairly small yearly fee to a state air quality commision of some sort. We were not considered that big of a polluter as a nearby business that used fiberglass or something along with resins paid alot more.
City/county may have noise ordinance. Supposedely we were not suppose to have gunshots after 10pm, we were located close to homes and a school but I used to shoot 22lr late at night and no one complained. One resident told me he could hear the shots but just barely.
It's been a while since I have dealt with running a range so that is what comes to the top of my head. And oh, if you rent guns don't be surprised if someone commits suicide with one evntually! It happens in our area about once a year or so at one of the local ranges. Many ranges require you already own your own guns or bring someone to shoot with you if you want to rent a gun to rudece this happening.
In our one "incident" I was around for, it did not cause that much trouble actually. Guy we leased the property for was not too pissed, freaked out a couple of customers of course. We had to close for about 3 hours. City sent a hazmat team in moonsuits to clean up the mess after the ambulance took the body away.