I've got an Arisaka type 38, 6.5x50. Not exactly a common round. What other reasonably common calibers could I have this rifle re-chambered in, preferably without a full barrel swap?
.257 Roberts is still available. Ammuniton To Go lists no fewer than 4 ammo options, from Remington, Winchester, Federal, and Hornady. If you absolutely must alter it, it's still an option.
I'd be careful spouting that sort of thing. My Arisaka slugs at .264It is relatively easy to rechamber for .260 Remington. No bolt face alterations needed but you might need to work on the feed rails a bit for the magazine to feed. Most Type38s have oversize bores so check out bullets made for the 6.5 Carcarno at .268 instead of the .264 for the .260 Rem. You will probably get better accuracy.